Union Catalogue of Manuscripts from the Islamicate World

Acc. 2023/72 (Leigh Town Hall, Wigan Council Archives: Wigan & Leigh)

Oriental Manuscripts

Six volumes of calligraphy collected by Colonel George William Hamilton (1807–1868).

Contents

Summary of Contents: These six volumes contain 107 calligraphy specimens written in Persian, Arabic, and Hindustani, collected by Colonel George William Hamilton (1807–1868) during his tenure in who served in India from 1823 to 1867. Ultimately appointed Commissioner of Delhi in 1862, he acquired nearly 1,200 oriental manuscripts, from which the British Museum purchased 352 from his widow, Charlotte Logie Hamilton (1817–1893), now mainly held in the British Library. These calligraphy specimens encompass both works by famed masters, and items presented to him as gifts by his subordinates and acquaintances. Several composition feature his name and titles, or praise him on certain occasions.
Alexander Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford and 8th earl of Balcarres (1812–1880), then purchased the remainder in 1868 for Bibliotheca Lindesiana at Haigh Hall, Wigan. In 1895, Alexander's son and successor James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford and 9th Earl of Balcarres (1847–1913) personally selected and arranged the specimens, then hired Fazakerley of Liverpool, then owned and operated by John Fazakerley (1843–1909), to mount, bevel mat, and bind them in six royal folios volumes. He then presented them as a gift that same year to the Wigan Free Public Library.
Title: Specimens of Oriental Penmanship
Title: Specimens of Oriental Penmanship Arranged by the Right Hon. The Earl of Crawford and Presented by His Lordship to the Wigan Free Public Library
Language(s): Persian

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: Textblock comprised of heavy-weight machine-made, calendered paper mat boards manufactured in the Britain.
Extent: 6 volumes.
Foliation: Some specimens numbered at top, in modern pencilled Arabic numerals, likely written by James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford (1847–1913) to arrange them, and followed for this record.

Collation

Undetermined

Condition

Handle folios with caution. Fully interleaved. In fair but stable condition, with extensive acid migration stains and grime.

Hand(s)

Title pages written in in a bold black and red gothic hand.

Additions:

Binding

Mounted, bevel-matted, and bound in six uniform royal folio volumes by Fazakerley of Liverpool, then owned and operated by John Fazakerley (1843–1909), for James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford (1847–1913).

Predominantly alizarin 'British'-patterned marbled endleaves, overprinted gilt and black veins added to the beginnings and ends, with all folios aattached to custom-made compensation guards, then oversewn on six recessed cords, laced into pasteboards. Edges ploughed then heads edge-gilt, with single-core decorative endbands in red, blue, and white threads over split cane cores at head and tail. Half bound in claret coloured, full naturally grained, goatskin leather, hollow-backed, with six false bands, and pebble-grained marroon starch-filled bookcloth sides.

Spine panels paletted in thick blind and thin single fillets by the bands, with double fillets on the bands, and titled:
‘SPECIMENS
OF
ORIENTAL
PENMANSHIP’.
Boards tooled with single blind and gold fillets by the cloth. Signed by the firm ‘FAZAKERLEY BINDER LIVERPOOL’ in gold on the left board interiors, lower-right dentelles.

History

Origin:

Originally collected by Colonel George William Hamilton (1807-1868) who served in India from 1823 to 1867. Ultimately appointed Commissioner of Delhi in 1862, he acquired nearly 1,200 oriental manuscripts, from which the British Museum purchased 352 from his widow, Charlotte Logie Hamilton (1817–1893), now mostly held in the British Library.

Provenance and Acquisition

Alexander Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford (1812–1880), purchased the remainder in 1868 for Bibliotheca Lindesiana at Haigh Hall, Wigan.

Inherited by James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford (1847–1913) who personally selected, arranged, and hired Fazakerley of Liverpool to bind the set. He then presented them as a gift that same year to the Wigan Free Public Library in 1895.

Transferred to the Archives: Wigan & Leigh in 2023.

Acc. 2023/72 Vol. I

Volume I contains eighteen calligraphy specimens, Nos. 1-18.

Physical Description

Form: codex
Extent: 19 folios 6 flyleaves (ff. iii + 19 + iii) .
Dimensions (leaf): 525 × 358 mm.

Binding

539 × 405 × 72 mm.

Handle binding with caution. In good, stable condition, with slight abrasion to the exteriors and board edges and corners bumped.

1

Contents

Summary of Contents: This unsigned fragment of ornate Persian prose written in shikastah-ta‘līq (broken-suspended) script, contains ten lines praising upright knowledge and actions.
Folio 2a
Author: Anonymous
Title: Ornate Persian prose fragment
Language(s): Persian
Incipit: للفخر الله بالعلم
Colophon: بتاریخ بیست و یکم ۲۱ شهر شوال سنه ۱۱۲۷ هجری
Language(s): Persian

Physical Description

Support: Written on dark tan-coloured, externally lightly sized and polished tinted paper.
Dimensions (leaf): 120 × 151 mm.

Condition

In poor condition with extensive breaks and losses.

Layout

Landscape format, written in 1 column in 10 lines. Ruled with a misṭarah hand guide.

Hand(s)

Written in shikastah ta‘līq script.

History

Origin: Probably completed in the Mughal Empire 21 Shawwāl 1127 AH (20 October 1715 CE).

2

Contents

Summary of Contents: This ornate Persian prose composition quotes a passage of the Ḥabīb al-Siyar (Beloved of the Times) by Khvānd Mīr (ca. 1475–1535) concerning early Islamic philosopher Fārābī (ca. 870–950) known as 'Alpharabius' in Latin, followed by another paraphrased excerpt from the Ā'īn-i Akbar (Administrations of Akbar) by Abū al-Faz̤l (1551–1602), written in South Asian style shikastah-ta‘līq (broken-suspended) script by Ḥusayn for Rājah Mahānrā bin Sīrlām in Shāhjahānābād (Dehli) on 16 Ẕi al-Qa‘dah, year 26 of the reign of Shāh ‘Ālam II (1199 AH/20 September 1785 CE).
Folio 3a
Author: Khvānd Mīr, Ghiyās̲ al-Dīn ibn Humām al-Dīn, ca. 1475–1535;
غیاث الدین ابن همام الدین میر خواند
Scribe: al-Marrī Ḥusayn
Addressee: Rājah Mahānrā bin Sīrlām
Title: حبیب السیر
Language(s): Persian
Incipit: (beginning) الله اکبر. رد حبیب سیر مخبر است که فارابی از مشاهر حکما اسلام است نام پرور نصر محمد ترخان یافت معلم هی فاراب بزعم بعضی از ارباب الباب نام شهریست بلاساغون و افول(؟) بعضی ولایتست در دیار ترکستان و مهارت در فنون حکمت و کمالات اولیه(؟) بود که عقل عقلین کامل کیاست مافوق آن درجه تصور نمیتوان گردد. در بعضی از تواریخ حبیب گشته در اواخر لام حیات بولایات شام رفت و در مجلس سیف الدوله لحظه برای بالاستاد در مباحثه دانشمندان نخل کرد سیف الدوله فرمود که بنشین گفت «کجا نشستم؟» سبف الدوله فرمود که «هر کجا فایل جلوس توان» ابو نصر در پهلوی سیف الدوله بر مسند سلطنت نشست و عرق و غیرت و نخوت پادشاهانه در حرکت آمده برای که متخصص آنها بود غلامان خود که این ترک ادب کرد چون از مجلس بیرون رود بسیاست رساند ابو نصر گفت «ايها الامیر اصبر فان الامور بعواقبها» سیف الدوله متعجب نمود و گفت «تو چه دانستی که من چه گفتم؟» گفت که «ما بجمیع من ز آنها و افقم(؟)‌ بعد از آن بعلما آغاز مناظره نمود فایق آمده و هرچه علماء ازو نصر شنیدند در سلک تحریر در آورده در وقت حاجت حجت باشد بعد از آ مقدمات سیف الدوله او را در سلک مخوصوصا آورده ابو نصر را نگاهداشته او را داخل ارباب و اهل سازوآواز را طلبیده فرمود سرود لسان نمود ابو نصر اعتراضات بر آن جماعت فرموده سیف الدوله پرسید که بر این علم نرسما است وقوفی هست از میان خود چند قطعه از آلات غنا بر آورده بر یکدیگر فصل نموده نواخت چندانکه اهل مجلس بخنده در آمده بعد از آن همان ز آلات بهیأت دیگر اتصال نموده نواخت که همی بجواب در افتاده سیف الدوله را واهی صحبت دلبین او خوش انده فرموودهرچه خواهی از من بطلب ولیکن ماهی در ملک من افتادید شما گفت ابو نصر بشرطی که مرا تکلیف ملازمت نکنی بر آنگاه دلبین حزب هر بر روشن است ...
Incipit: این غنچه افرین که آنرا خط یافته چون عالم قدیم بی شروین است نه آورده مراتب است و نه آورده مهتاب در هر زمانی طایفه نوشتند و تهی و خاص در نمونش این حروف سر خاصه این چون خط هندی و یونانی و سریانی و قبطی و معقلی و عبری و کشمیری و کوفی و حبشی و ریحان(؟) و روحانی و غیر آن و در بعضی کتبت بالخیر برای آدم نسبت کتبت قضا بود بادریس که خط معقلی ترتیب داده به وسیله نماد که بیشتر تفاوت خط کوفی یک دانگ دور است باقی سطح است و معقلی تمام سطح و کتابهای عمارت کهنه به این خط است ...
Colophon: در شاهجهانآباد تخویل راجه مهانرا بن سیرلام المری حسین مشق نمود بتاریخ بیست و یکم ۲۱ شهر شوال سنه ۲۶ شاه عالم.
Colophon: Drafted in Shāhjahānābād (Dehli) for Rājah Mahānrā bin Sīrlām by al-Marrī Ḥusayn on 26 year Shāh ‘Ālam [II] (16 Ẕi al-Qa‘dah AH/20 September 1785 CE).
Language(s): Persian

Physical Description

Support: Written on externally sized and polished, finely sprayed red decorated paper.
Dimensions (leaf): 120 × 151 mm.

Condition

In good condition.

Layout

Landscape format, written in 2 columns, the top with 21 oblique lines, the bottom nine horizontal. Ruled with a misṭarah hand guide.

Hand(s)

Written in shikastah ta‘līq script by al-Marrī Ḥusayn.

History

Origin: Completed by al-Marrī Ḥusayn in Shāhjahānābād (Dehli); 21 Shawwāl 1127 AH (20 October 1715 CE).

3

Contents

Summary of Contents: This densely written South Asian style shikastah-ta‘līq script relates an anecdote concerning Imām Mūsá al-Kāẓim ibn Jaʻfar (ca. 745–799).
Folio 4a
Title: Persian prose anecdote regarding Imām Muḥammad Musà Kāẓim
Incipit: اورده‌اند که در زمانی که حضرت امام محمد موسی کاظم از دست امت را ⟨[؟]⟩ اختیار فرمود گزارش تعرف کوهستان(؟) اقبال ملاخظه فرمود که جمیعی از قوم نصاری سحایب(؟) گهروند خضرت پرسیدند که کجا میروید گویند بر بلای کوه را همی است
Language(s): Persian

Physical Description

Support: Written on ivory paper decorated with black and red spatters applied in tiny clusters, possibly by the calligrapher.
Dimensions (leaf): 204 × 123 mm.

Condition

In fair but stable condition with slight moisture damage, staining, and smearing.

Layout

Portrait format, written in 1 column in 14 lines. Ruled with a misṭarah hand guide.

Hand(s)

Written in hasty black shikastah ta‘līq script.

4

Contents

Summary of Contents: This striking naskh script compisition in the style after Persian master Aḥmad Nayrīzī, paraphrases a popular quote attributed to medieval poet and satirist ‘Ubayd Zakānī (d. ca. 1370), regarding five keys to happiness in life, reportedly displayed on a plaque by the pre-Islamic ruler Ānūshīrvān Khusraw (Khosrow I, King of Persia, ca. 484–579). An scribe named Muḥammad Walī Khān copied it in white lead on medium indigo blue paper in 1195 AH (1781 CE).
Folio 5a
Author: ‘Ubayd Zakānī (d. ca. 1370);
عبید زاکانی
Scribe: Muḥammad Walī Khān;
محمد ولی خان
Colophon: Signed ‘Muḥammad Walī Khān 1195 AH (1781 CE)’.

While several men of this name appear in historical sources, none comport with this date, hence he remains unidentified.

Language(s): Persian

Physical Description

Support: Indigo blue tinted paper.
Dimensions (leaf): 293 × 173 mm.

Condition

In fair but stable condition with upper damaged areas overpainted.

Hand(s)

Written in bold white naskh script.

History

Origin: Completed by Muḥammad Walī Khān, in 1195 AH (1781 CE)

5

Contents

Summary of Contents: Arabic ḥadīth (Prophetic tradition) concerning the spiritual rewards for good handwriting written in bold thuluth script at top, which continues in smaller naskh in the centre, also bears Persian poetry obliquely written in nasta‘līq on the right and left.
Folio 6a
Title:
Scribe: Ḥaydar Qulī;
حیدر قلی
Colophon: حرره المذنب الفقير المحتاج الى الله العلي خيدر قلى غفر له و لوالدينه
Colophon: Undated but signed by Ḥaydar Qulī.
Language(s): Arabic and Persian

Probably not the same man as Safavid scribe named Muḥammad ‘Ali bin Ḥaydar Qulī, who completed Bodleian Library MS. Elliott 63 in Shaʻbān 985 AH (October-November 1577 CE).

Physical Description

Support: Finely silver-flecked paper, now tarnished. Mounted on a narrow dark indigo blue paper.
Dimensions (leaf): 158 × 238 mm.

Condition

In fair but stable condition with water damage along the bottom edge, and modest smudging.

6

Contents

Folio 7a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

7

Contents

Folio 8a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

8

Contents

Folio 9a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

9

Contents

Folio 10a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

10

Contents

Folio 11a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

11

Contents

Folio 12a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

12

Contents

Folio 13a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

13

Contents

Folio 14a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

14

Contents

Folio 15a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

15

Contents

Folio 16a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

16

Contents

Folio 17a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

17

Contents

Folio 18a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

18

Contents

Folio 19a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

Acc. 2023/72 Vol. II

Volume II contains eighteen calligraphy specimens, Nos. 19-36.

Physical Description

Form: codex
Extent: 19 folios 6 flyleaves (ff. iii + 19 + iii) .
Dimensions (leaf): 524 × 360 mm.

Binding

539 × 408 × 73 mm.

Handle binding with condition. In fair but stable condition, with extensive staining, abrasion, and salts on the exterior, probably due to prolonged exposure to moisture.

19

Contents

Folio 2a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

20

Contents

Folio 3a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

21

Contents

Folio 4a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

22

Contents

Folio 5a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

23

Contents

Folio 6a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

24

Contents

Folio 7a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

25

Contents

Folio 8a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

26

Contents

Folio 9a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

27

Contents

Folio 10a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

28

Contents

Folio 11a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

29

Contents

Folio 12a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

30

Contents

Folio 13a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

31

Contents

Folio 14a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

32

Contents

Folio 15a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

33

Contents

Folio 16a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

34

Contents

Folio 17a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

35

Contents

Folio 18a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

36

Contents

Folio 19a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

Acc. 2023/72 Vol. III

Volume III contains eighteen calligraphy specimens, Nos. 37-54.

Physical Description

Form: codex
Extent: 19 folios 6 flyleaves (ff. iii + 19 + iii) .

Binding

Handle binding with condition. In good, stable condition, with slight abrasion to the exteriors and board edges.

37

Contents

Folio 2a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

38

Contents

Folio 3a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

39

Contents

Folio 4a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

40

Contents

Folio 5a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

41

Contents

Folio 6a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

42

Contents

Folio 7a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

43

Contents

Folio 8a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

44

Contents

Folio 9a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

45

Contents

Folio 10a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

46

Contents

Folio 11a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

47

Contents

Folio 12a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

48

Contents

Folio 13a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

49

Contents

Folio 14a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

50

Contents

Folio 15a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

51

Contents

Folio 16a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

52

Contents

Folio 17a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

53

Contents

Folio 18a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

54

Contents

Folio 19a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

Acc. 2023/72 Vol. IV

Volume IV contains eighteen calligraphy specimens, Nos. 55-72.

Physical Description

Form: codex
Extent: 19 folios 6 flyleaves (ff. iii + 19 + iii) .
Dimensions (leaf): 525 × 360 mm.

Binding

542 × 410 × 72 mm.

Handle binding with condition. In good, stable condition, with slight abrasion on the exteriors and board edges.

55

Contents

Folio 2a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

56

Contents

Folio 3a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

57

Contents

Folio 4a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

58

Contents

Folio 5a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

59

Contents

Folio 6a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

60

Contents

Folio 7a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

61

Contents

Folio 8a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

62

Contents

Folio 9a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

63

Contents

Folio 10a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

64

Contents

Folio 11a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

65

Contents

Folio 12a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

66

Contents

Folio 13a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

67

Contents

Folio 14a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

68

Contents

Folio 15a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

69

Contents

Folio 16a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

70

Contents

Folio 17a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

71

Contents

Folio 18a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

72

Contents

Folio 19a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

Acc. 2023/72 Vol. V

Volume V contains eighteen calligraphy specimens, Nos. 73-90.

Physical Description

Form: codex
Extent: 19 folios 6 flyleaves (ff. iii + 19 + iii) .
Dimensions (leaf): 526 × 362 mm.

Binding

540 × 408 × 71 mm.

Handle binding with condition. In good, stable condition, with slight abrasion to the exteriors and board edges.

73

Contents

Folio 2a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

74

Contents

Folio 3a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

75

Contents

Folio 4a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

76

Contents

Folio 5a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

77

Contents

Folio 6a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

78

Contents

Folio 7a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

79

Contents

Folio 8a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

80

Contents

Folio 9a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

81

Contents

Folio 10a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

82

Contents

Folio 11a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

83

Contents

Folio 12a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

84

Contents

Folio 13a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

85

Contents

Folio 14a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

86

Contents

Folio 15a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

87

Contents

Folio 16a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

88

Contents

Folio 17a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

89

Contents

Folio 18a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

90

Contents

Folio 19a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

Acc. 2023/72 Vol. VI

Volume VI, the final one of the set, contains seventeen calligraphy specimens, Nos. 91-107.

Physical Description

Form: codex
Extent: 18 folios 6 flyleaves (ff. iii + 18 + iii) .

Binding

Handle binding with condition. In good, stable condition, with slight abrasion to the exteriors and board edges.

91

Contents

Folio 2a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

92

Contents

Folio 3a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

93

Contents

Folio 4a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

94

Contents

Folio 5a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

95

Contents

Folio 6a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

96

Contents

Folio 7a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

97

Contents

Folio 8a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

98

Contents

Folio 9a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

99

Contents

Folio 10a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

100

Contents

Folio 11a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

101

Contents

Folio 12a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

102

Contents

Folio 13a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

103

Contents

Folio 14a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

104

Contents

Folio 15a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

105

Contents

Folio 16a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

106

Contents

Folio 17a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

107

Contents

Folio 18a
Title:
Language(s): Persian

Additional Information

Record Sources

Bibliographical description by Jake Benson in 2025 with reference to the volumes in hand.

Availability

To book an in-person or online appointment to consult the manuscript, visit . For any other enquiries please email archives@wigan.gov.uk

Custodial History

Volumes III and VI exhibited in The Nature of Gothic: : Reflecting the Natural World in Historic and Contemporary Artistic Practice at the Blackburn Museum & Art Gallery, Cambridge in 2025.

Bibliography

    Jake Benson, 'Specimens of Oriental Penmanship in the Borough of Wigan: The Calligraphy Collection of Colonel George William Hamilton (1807–1868)' Persian Manuscripts in Britain (forthcoming, 2026).
    Jake Benson and Christopher Bahl, 'Colonel George William Hamilton (1807–1868): Collecting Manuscripts in Nineteenth-Century South Asia.' (forthcoming, 2026).

Funding of Cataloguing

The Soudavar Memorial Foundation


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