Persian MS 955 (The John Rylands Research Institute and Library, The University of Manchester)
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Contents
Summary of Contents: Timurid-era poet and mystic ‘Abd al-Raḥman Jāmī (1414–1419) composed his Nafaḥāt al-'Uns min Haz̤arāt al-Quds (Breaths of Fellowship of Holy Gentlemen) in Herat between 1476 and 1479. Completed at the request of his friend and patron Mīr ʿAlī S̲h̲īr Navā'ī, he documents the lives of 567 mystics, mostly in chronological order. He both compiles and reworks the language of earlier biographical accounts and also recounts figures of the late medieval period, immediately prior to and during his own lifetime. Since he knew many of these individuals personally—especially in his native Herat and adjacent regions—scholars consider it an especially valuab̦le source regarding late Timurid-era mystics and their impact upon religious life and culture at that time. A scribe named Pīr Qulī bin Malik Aḥmad Imāmī completed this manuscript on 14 Ramaz̤ān 1004 AH (12 May 1596 CE). A later note not only describes this copy as 'correct' (ṣaḥīḥ) but also that it conforms with a one completed by the author himself.Scribe: Pīr Qulī bin Malik Aḥmad Imāmī;
پیر قلی بن ملک احمد امامیTitle: نفخات الانس من حضرات القدسIncipit: برگ ۱پ (folio 1b): الحمد لله الذي جعل مرائی قلوب اولیـائه مـجالي وجـهه الکریم و لاح منها علی صفائح وجوهه لوائح نوره القدیم اما بعد میگوید پای شکسته زاویه خمول و کم نامی عبد الرحمن احمد الجامی ثبته الله علی منهج الصدق و السداد في العمل و القول والاعتقاد... ...Explicit: برگ ۲۴۵ر (folio 245a): از هجرت خیر بـشر و فـخر انام * در هشتصد و هشتاد و سیم گشت. تمامColophon: برگ ۲۴۵ر (folio 245a): تمت الکتاب نفحات الانس من حضایر القدس فی یـوم الاربـعاء عاشر شهر رمضان المبارك سنه اربع و الف من الهجرة النبويه علي يد العبد الفقير الحقير پیر قلی بن ملک احمد امامی عفی عنهما. تم تم تم.Colophon: Completed by Pīr Qulī bin Malik Aḥmad Imāmī on 14 Ramaz̤ān 1004 AH (12 May 1596 CE).Language(s): PersianFor another copy of this work held in the Rylands, see Persian MS 527.
Physical Description
Form: codexExtent: 345 folios, 2 flyleaves (ff. i + 345 + i).Layout
Written in 1 to 2 columns with 17 lines per page. Ruled with a misṭarah hand guide.
Hand(s)
Written in clear black naskh with red subheaders.
Additions:
Inscriptions: Various markings and notes throughout:
- Folio 1a bears numerous immolated notations, one legible, noting the sale of the volume to a former owner named Muḥammad Naṣīr ibn Hidāyat Allāh, above his oval seal impression:
‘انتقال الی البیع الشرعی العبد الی الله ربه الکریم محمد نصیر ابن هدایت الله ’ - Folio 245a, bears various inscriptions by the colophon. One a lengthy one to the right, now crossed out, poetically describes the volume and praises the author, while another at top-left declares the volume to be correct and conforms with an unidentified one reportedly in the author's hand:
‘صحیح و قوبل مع نسخه منعولی من حط المولف العاصل الجامی جسن ما یسر مع احبته.’ - Folio 245b bears lines from the Mas̱navī-yi Ma‘navī (Spirtual Couplets) of Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (1207–1273), written in another hand written in black nasta‘līq script with shikastah ligatures, and two partly-legible Arabic ownership notes written in black naskh perpendicular to the poetry.
Left board exterior: a paper label bears two handwritten former Lindesiana class marks:
‘Arabic
No 106
Nº 795’.Seal(s):Binding
Original boards of relatively plain full sheep or goatskin leather, with flap (Type II binding per Déroche). Resewn with machine-made apricot-coloured endpapers added, with the left pastedown decoratively trimmed off with a zig-zag, over top of the original, to disguise the joins. Boards edges mended, losses infilled, and spine rebacked in medium-brown goastkin leather.
Both boards and the envelope flap bear blind tooled mandorla outlines, but otherwise devoid of decoration.
Handle binding with caution. In fair but stable condition, with the joints and lifted areas cracking.
Several seal impressions appear in the volume, with all but one obliterated.Folio 1a bears a partly-legible single black oval seal impression in two stacked nasta‘līq script lines, double-ruled, underneath a note signed by former owner Muḥammad Naṣīr ibn Hidāyat Allāh, hence presumably his.
History
Origin: Completed by Pīr Qulī bin Malik Aḥmad Imāmī>, location not given, but possibly in Shaybanid-era Transoxiana or the Safavid Empire 14 Ramaz̤ān 1004 AH (12 May 1596 CE).Provenance and Acquisition
While the obliterated inscriptions await further analysis, one Muḥammad Naṣīr ibn Hidāyat Allāh previously purchases the volume as per his notation and seal impression on 1a.
While the exact circumstances under which this volume arrived in Britain remain unclear, Alexander Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford (1812–1880) acquired it from an unidentified source, then moved to Bibliotheca Lindesiana at Haigh Hall, Wigan. The renumbered class marks ‘106’ and ‘106’ probably reflects that he acquired this volume before 1866, then renumbered it after acquiring the Bland and Hamilton collections.
Purchased by Enriqueta Rylands (1843–1908) in 1901 from James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford (1847–1913).
Bequeathed by Enriqueta Rylands (1843–1908) in 1908 to the John Rylands Library, Manchester.
Record Sources
Manuscript description by Jake Benson in 2023, with reference to the volume, an unpublished handlist, accession registers, and a Persian description of the volume published by Tawfiq Subhani in 1993.
Availability
To book an in-person or online appointment to consult the manuscript, visit Using the Special Collections Reading Rooms. For any other enquiries please email uml.special-collections@manchester.ac.uk.
Bibliography
Denise Aigle. 'ʿAṭṭār’s Taḏkirat al-awliyāʾ and Jāmī’s Nafaḥāt al-uns: Two Visions of Sainthood', Oriente Moderno, Vol. 96, No. 2 (2016): pp. pp. 271–315.A. F. L. Beeston, Catalogue of the Persian, Turkish, Hindûstânî, and Pushtû Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Part III (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1954), p. 37, nos. 2626–2627 [Bodleian Ms. Pers. D. 53 and Ms. Ind. Inst. Pers. 66].H. Ethé, Catalogue of Persian manuscripts in the library of the India Office, Vol. I (London: Printed for the India Office by H. Hart, 1903), cols. 763, no. 1357(8), 765–767, nos. 1359–67 [British Library IO Islamic 842(8), 2082, &c.].‘Abd al-Raḥman Jāmī, Īn Kitāb-i Mustaṭāb-i Nafaḥāt al-ʼUns Min Ḥaz̤arāt ʼal-Quds Taṣnīf-i Ḥaz̤rat-i Mawlānā Nūr ʼal-Dīn ʻAbd ʼal-Raḥmān Jāmī. Edited by W. N. Lees, Mawlavī Ghulām ʻĪsá, Mawlavī ʻAbd ʼal-Ḥamīd, and Mawlavī Kabīr al-Dīn Aḥmad. Calcutta: Maṭbaʻ-i Līsī, 1858.‘Abd al-Raḥman Jāmī Nafaḥāt al-ʼUns Min Ḥaz̤arāt ʼal-Quds. Edited by Mahdī Tawḥīdīpūr. Tehran, ‘Ilmī, 1995W. N. Lees, A Biographical Sketch of the Mystic Philosopher and Poet Jami: Being the Preface to His "Lives of the Mystics". Calcutta: Printed at W.N. Lees' Press, 1859.A. Papas, 'Individual Sanctity and Islamization in the Ṭabaqāt Books of Jāmī, Navāʾī, Lāmiʿī, and Some Others', Jāmī in Regional Contexts. (Leiden: Brill, 2018) pp. 378–423.C. Rieu, Catalogue of the Persian manuscripts in the British Museum, Vol. I (London: British Museum, 1879), pp. 349–351 [British Library Add. 16717, &c.].E. Sachau and H. Ethé, Catalogue of the Persian, Turkish, Hindûstani, and Pushtû manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Vol. I (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1889), cols. 609, no. 894(3) [Bodleian MS Ouseley 288 (no. 3)], 632, nos. 957–958 [Bodleian MS Elliot 284 and Caps. B 12].C. A. Storey [Online], Persian Literature: A Bio-bibliographical Survey, Vols. I–II, Biography, Additions, and Corrections: Section 2, History, Biography, etc. (2021): pp. no. 1274.Tawfīq Subḥānī, 'Kitāb'hā-yi khaṭṭī-i Fārsī fihrist nashudah dar Kitābkhānah Jān Rāylāndz, Manchistir' Majallah-'i Dānishkadah-i Adabiyāt va ‘Ulūm-i Insānī n.s., Vol. 1, Nos. 2-3 (1372 SH [1993 CE]): pp. 172–173, no. 14 [Rylands Persian MS 955].Funding of Cataloguing
The John Rylands Research Institute and Library
The Soudavar Memorial Foundation
- Folio 1a bears numerous immolated notations, one legible, noting the sale of the volume to a former owner named Muḥammad Naṣīr ibn Hidāyat Allāh, above his oval seal impression:
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