Union Catalogue of Manuscripts from the Islamicate World

Persian MS 962 (The John Rylands Research Institute and Library, The University of Manchester)

Persian Manuscripts

Contents

Summary of Contents: An illustrated copy of the Mir'āt-i Gītī-Numā (Mirror of the Universal Compass), a geographical work authored by ‘Abd al-Karīm Khān Jhajjharī (fl. 1840s), pen named 'Mushtāq', who served as envoy from the Nawab of Dujana, Hasan ‘Ali Khān (r. 1850–1867), to Britain in 1840–1841. In his introduction, the author reports that Lord Henry Hardinge (1785–1856) requested that he compose a history of Delhi's monuments, which inspired the present work. Comprised of nine parts, it opens with the a discussion of the solar system, the earth, and its divisions. It then describes different regions, starting with Asia, especially the history and geography of India, including an account of Delhi and its monuments, Africa, Europe (Farang), and America. The final three parts concern the early history and geography of Great Britain, a description of London, and a history of the British East India Company. The value of the work lies in how the author attempts to reconcile recent scientific advancements with traditional knowledge, combined with his own first-hand account from his visit to Britain. A scribe named Irshād ‘Alī Jhajjarī completed the volume for the author on 5 Shavvāl 1262 AH (27 Sept. 1846 CE), who thereafter presented it to John Panton Gubbins (1806–1879) as a gift on 1 April 1847.
Addressee and Former owner: Gubbins, John Panton, 1806–1879
Incipit: برگ ۱پ (folio 1b): مراتب حمد و سپاس بی‌قیاس تسلیم بارگاه صمدی‌ که‌ خامه دو زبان بـه‌ تـحریر آغـاز حرف تفسیر احدیتش...
Explicit: برگ ۱۳۶پ (folio 136b): کرمت بگذرد چار موسم در آن * ز فرهنگ و مردی نیا بی نشان. الحمد لله و المنست که این نسخه جامع فنون محبوبی و این مجموع مشرایف حسن دخولی
Colophon: برگ ۱۳۶پ (folio 136b): من تصنیف احقر العباد کریم خان المتخلص به مشتاق جهجهری حسب فرایش نواب مستطاب معلی القاب الرڈ هنری هارڈنگ گورنر جنرل بهادر ناظم ممالک کشور هند که باسم مرآت گیتی‌نما موسوم است بتاریخ پنجم شهر شوال المکرم سنه ۱۲۶۲ هجری المقدس نبوی صلی الله علی و سلم که مطابق بیست و هفتم ماه سپتمبر سنه ۱۸۴۶ عیسوی بود صورت آنحرام و اختتام پذیرفت بخط بیربط اعصی ارشد علی جهجهری
Colophon: Copied for the author by Irshād ‘Alī Jhajjharī on 5 Shavvāl 1262 AH (27 Sept. 1846 CE).
Language(s): Persian

Two other copies survive, all completed on this same date, both in the British Library, Or. 2038 (see Rieu) and Delhi Persian 742 (see Storey et al); the latter also reportedly bears the author's seal impression as in this volume.

Physical Description

Form: codex
Extent: 136 folios, 2 flyleaves (ff. i + 136 + i).

Layout

Written in 1 to 2 columns with 15 lines per page. Ruled with a misṭarah hand guide.

Hand(s)

Written in clear black nasta‘līq with red subheaders by Irshād ‘Alī Jhajjharī.

Decoration


Illustration: Folio 23a features a delicately-rendered scene of the ruins of the Quṭb Minār by an unidentified artist.

Additions:
Inscriptions: The second right flyleaf a side (ff iia) bears a note by the author presenting the volume to his friend John Panton Gubbins on 1 April 1847:
‘نسخه مرا را که اضعف العباد کریم خان متوطم قصبه جهجیر که بعد سفر و سیاحت ولایت
انگلستان و لندن بمقام شاهجاهان‌آباد حسب الارسال جناب مستطاب معلی القاب لارد هنری هاردینگ صاحب گورنر جنرل بهادر ناظم اعظم ممالک کشور هند مزینت مدهیکی از آن
بحضور فیض معمور حساب نواب والاه خطاب مرون(؟) امدح گزارانیده نسخه برابر
هدیت و تحفه سحور پاک کار بحضور جناب صاحب نامدار جان پنت گبنس
را صمیمه(؟)‌ گذرانید و بمقبولی حسن افتخار صاحب کردانید(؟) دویم ماه ابریل سنه ۱۸۴۷ ع.’
Bookplate: The right doublure ‘John Panton Gubbins’

Binding

Probably bound in Delhi for the author.

Sewn on a single support, edges trimmed, and chevron endbands twined at head and tail. Covered in full maroon-coloured goatskin leather over pasteboards, with a defined exterior join, but neither squares nor a flap (type III binding per Déroche). Interior doublures lined with the same leather, with their excess widths adhered to the flyleaves as hinges connecting the cover to the textblock.

Board exteriors extensively decorated with blocked gilt onlays for the central mandorlas, cartouches, and detached pendants bearing floral scrollwork, with hand-tooled triple insular dots at the interstices, floral scrollwork cornerpieces and quatrefoils within half-circles embellish the margins, surrounded by a wide floral scrollwork rule, with insular dot rules on both sides. Single-line marginal ruling surrounds the central decoration, with that and the surrounding margins further embellished with hand-painted dots and trefoils.

Handle binding with caution. In poor condition with both sewing and leather spine broken, exterior onlays lifting or missing, and abrasion to the edges, corners.

Seal(s):

Both the second right flyleaf a side (ff iia) and accompanying letter bear the same octagonal black seal impression, intaglio-carved in two nasta‘līq script lines against a floral ground, double-ruled, with the name of the author, here given as Karīm Khān Sarāban sākin-i Jhajjhar, 1255:
‘کریم خان سرابن ساکن جهجر ۱۲۵۵’

Accompanying Material

A folded letter from the author addressed to Gubbins, also dated 1 April 1847, accompanies the volume, which also bears the same seal as on the second right flyleaf a side (ff iia).

History

Origin: Completed by Irshād ‘Alī Jhajjarī, possibly in Jhajjar, Haryana for the author on 5 Shavvāl 1262 AH (27 Sept. 1846 CE).

Provenance and Acquisition

Presented by the author to John Panton Gubbins (1806–1879) on 1 April 1847. Awarded a prize for Persian at East India College at Haileybury in 1823, Gubbins served in the Bengal Civil Service from 1824 to 1852, during which time he co-authored A glossary, Bengálí and English, and ultimately served as Session Judge for seven years in Delhi. Upon his retirement, prominent citizens presented him with an ornate Persian prose farewell address and silver penbox (translated by S. A. A. Rizvi in subsequently sold at Christie's, London, 10 Oct. 2013, lot 222).

Probably brought by Gubbins to Britain, then possibly sold by him before his death to London bookseller London bookseller Bernard Quaritch (1819–1899), whom in circa 1872–1874 sold another Gulistān-i Sa‘dī manuscript that he formerly owned (now Arthur J. Houghton Library, Harvard University, MS Persian 62).

Subsequently acquired by Dr Moses Tyson (1897–1969), Keeper of Western Manuscripts at The John Rylands Library, from an unidentified source.

Purchased by the John Rylands Library from Tyson in July, 1933.

Record Sources

Manuscript description by Jake Benson in 2023, with reference to the volume, an unpublished handlist, accession registers, and a Persian description of the volume published by Tawfiq Subhani in 1993.

Availability

To book an in-person or online appointment to consult the manuscript, visit Using the Special Collections Reading Rooms. For any other enquiries please email uml.special-collections@manchester.ac.uk.

Bibliography

    Christie's, London. Art of the Islamic and Indian Worlds Including a Private Collection Donated to Benefit The University of Oxford, Part IV, lot 222.
    Rizvi, S. A. A. 'A Farewell Address in Urdu Presented to John Panton Gubbins by the Citizens of Delhi in 1852.' Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London Vol. 27, No. 2 (1964): pp. 397–407.
    C. A. Storey, A. J. Arberry, and R. Levy, 'Drafts for Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the India Office Library, Vol III' [British Library MSS EUR e207/30, fol. 6r].
    C. Rieu, Catalogue of the Persian manuscripts in the British Museum, Vol. III (London: British Museum, 1883), p. 994 [British Library Or. 1891 and 2038].
    C. A. Storey, Persian Literature: A Bio-bibliographical Survey, Vol. II, Pt. 1 (London: Luzac & Co., 1972), pp. 159–160, no. 251.
    Tawfīq Subḥānī, 'Kitāb'hā-yi khaṭṭī-i Fārsī fihrist nashudah dar Kitābkhānah Jān Rāylāndz, Manchistir' Majallah-'i Dānishkadah-i Adabiyāt va ‘Ulūm-i Insānī n.s., Vol. 1, Nos. 2-3 (1372 SH [1993 CE]): pp. 176–177, no. 21.

Funding of Cataloguing

The John Rylands Research Institute and Library

The Soudavar Memorial Foundation


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