Union Catalogue of Manuscripts from the Islamicate World

Persian MS 240 (The John Rylands Research Institute and Library, The University of Manchester)

Persian Manuscripts

Contents

Summary of Contents: Author Şem‘ī Şemullah (d. ca. 1602) composed this Ottoman Turkish prose interpretive commentary on the Persian Būstān (Fragrant Orchard), of Saʻdī. Completed by Ibrahīm bin Velī on Friday, end of Muḥarram 994 AH (17 Jan 1586 CE), it would appear to be one of the earliest-known extant copies to survive. British linguist Sir William Jones (1746–1794) possibly acquired the volume while a student.
Author and Bibliographic antecedent: Saʻdī سعدى
Incipit: (basmalla) صفحه‌ی ۴ (Page 4): حمد بی حد و ثناءِ بی عد اول صانع ذو الجلاله که بوستان کون مکان انوار اثاریله روشن و ریاض قلوب انسانی انوار معارفیله گلشن ایلدی وصلات صلات بی نهایه، وتحف تحیت بی غایه اول سید بلند بی پایه یه که صاحب قاب قوسین اوادانی و صدر نشین بادگاه سبحان الذی اسری در و بر اولاد و اصحاب گزین که مقتدای راه یقینلردر و بعد بو بندهٔ کمینهٔ قلیل البضاعة شمعیء شمع فروز گبخ قناعه بر گون اصحاب با صفا و یاران باوفا ایله، بوستان شیخ سعدی شیرازی‌دن، قدس الله سره العزیزدن، مصاحبت ایدرکن اثناءِ مکالمه ده سخن پرداز بلند پرواز، یاراندن برى لطف ایله خطاب ایدوب ایتدی بو کتاب شریف اگر لسان ترکی ایله شرح و تقریر ومُشکل‌لرى بیان وتحریر السونه غایت ایله خوب و معقول و نهایت مرتبه اصابتده بقبول اولوردی…
Explicit: صفحه‌ی ۷۳۴ (Page 734): ...نومید و محروم ایله.
Colophon: صفحه‌ی ۷۳۴ (Page 734): و الصلوة علی رسوله اشرف الانام، و صجبه الکرام، واله العظام، قد وقع الاختتام فی شهر محرم الحرام، فی بوم الجمعه اشرف الایام علی ید اضعف الانام، کثیر الجرم و الاثام ابراهیم بن ولی علیهما رحمة الله العلام فی تاریخ سنه اربع و تسعین و تسعمایه من الهجره النبویه علیه السلام
Colophon: Allegedly completed by ‘Ibrahīm bin Velī’ at the Friday, end of Muḥarram 994 AH (17 Jan 1586 CE).
Language(s): Persian and Ottoman Turkish

Michael Kerney suggests that Jones or an associate copied this volume himself under a pseudonym, reiterated by Jonathan Lawrence, 'Building a Library' pp. 11–12 ‘Ibrahīm Sarvalad’. However, the enimgatic reading seems more likely ‘bin Valī’ given the dual form of the prayer that follows, and it does not conform with Jones' handwriting. Whether copied by another European orientalist under a pseudonym remains undetermined. Therefore, this record treats the colophon as authentic, until proven otherwise. For other volumes that Jones formerly owned now held in the Rylands, see Persian MS 10, Persian MS 133, 187, 192, 219, 265, and 340.

Page 24
Title: Dar Sabab-i Naẓm-i Kitāb
Title: در سبب نظم کتاب
Title: Introduction: On the reason for composing the book
Page 34
Title: Dar Madḥ-i Shāhzādah
Title: در مدح شاهزاده
Title: In praise of the Prince
Page 36
Title: Bāb-i Avvāl da ‘Adl
Title: باب اوّل در عدل
Title: Chapter 1: On Justice
Page 210
Title: Bāb-i Duvvum dar Iḥsān
Title: باب دوّم در احسان
Title: Chapter 2: On Liberality
Page 303
Title: Bāb-i Sivvum dar ‘Ishq
Title: باب سوّم در عشق
Title: Chapter 3: On Love
Page 373
Title: Bāb-i Chahārum dar Tavāz̤u‘
Title: باب چهارم در تواضع
Title: Chapter 4: On Humility
Page 466
Title: Bāb-i Panjum dar Riz̤ā
Title: باب پنجم در رضا
Title: Chapter 5: On Resignation
Page 501
Title: Bāb-i Shishum dar Qinā‘at
Title: باب ششم در قناعت
Title: Chapter 6: On Content[ment]
Page 534
Title: Bāb-i Haftum dar Ta's̱īr-i Tarbīyat
Title: باب هفتم در تاثیر تربیت
Title: Chapter 7: On Continence
Page 609
Title: Bāb-i Hashtum dar Shukr
Title: باب هشتم در شکر
Title: Chapter 8: On Thanksgiving Gratitude
Page 653
Title: Bāb-i Nuhum dar Tawbah
Title: باب نهم در توبه
Title: Chapter 9: On Repentence
Page 714
Title: Bāb-i Dahum dar Munajāt
Title: باب هشتم در منجات
Title: Chapter 10: On Prayer

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: Cross-grained unsized and unpolished European laid paper with ~12 laid lines per cm and 24 mm between chain lines.
Extent: 734 pages [367 folios], 5 flyleaves (ff. iii + 367 + ii).
Dimensions (leaf): 184 × 149 mm.
Dimensions (written): 151 × 83 mm.
Foliation: Paginated in Arabic numerals added to the upper corners throughout, inclusive of the initial leaves bearing the table of contents.

Collation

Undetermined. Catchwords throughout most of the lower-left corners of the b sides.

Condition

Text in fair but stable condition, with the initial pages worn, stained, and repaired.

Layout

Written in 1 column with 19 lines per page. Unruled

Hand(s)

Written in clear black angular naskh with red markings and subheaders by Ibrahīm bin Velī, which may be a pseudonym.

Additions:
Table of Contents: Pages 2 and 3 list the contents in Persian and English respectively.
Inscriptions: The second right flyleaf a side (f. iia) bears the number ‘(955)’ at top, as well as a notes in Greek and seemingly codes in the hand of former owner Sir William Jones , including a reference to the tale of Ḥaṭīn Ṭāy at top-left, which must refer to another manuscript.
The second right flyleaf b side (f. iib) signed in English at top, with notes about the manuscript in English and Latin underneath, by former owner Sir William Jones .
The The third right flyleaf a side (f. iiia) bears a Greek note and title in Persian in the hand of former owner Sir William Jones , together with an earlier Latin note note in sepia ink by an unidentified hand.
Bookplates: Left pastedown: ‘Bibliotheca Lindesiana’ with pencilled shelfmark ‘2/K’, and ‘Bland MSS No. 461’, with the name and number crossed out and ‘Persian’ and ‘240’ written aside.

Binding

Probably bound in Europe in the 17th century, subsequently restored.

Sewn on five cord supports laced into pasteboards. Edges trimmed and endbands sewn in yellow and red silk threads at head and tail. Covered in full brown calkfskin leather. Spine and corners subsequently replaced in medium brown calkskin leather, with endpapers of handmade early wove paper added to the beginning and end.

Board exteriors decorated in the 'Cambridge panel' style, with spattered potash. Central panel blind-tolled with double and single fillet lines, surrounded by a decorative roll featuring alternating flowers and arcs with blossoms inside. Board margins also blind-tooled with single and double fillets. Replaced spine titled and with double fillet lines at head and tail all in gold.

191 × 159 × 55 mm.

Handle binding with caution. In fair but stable condition, with exterior abrasion, and endbands now missing.

History

Origin: Completed by Ibrahīm bin Velī in the Ottoman Empire; Friday, end of Muḥarram 994 AH (17 Jan 1586 CE)

Provenance and Acquisition

While the circumstances under which this volume arrived in Britain remain unclear, the 17th-century binding and earlier Latin inscription indicate that a British scholar obtained it, from whom Sir William Jones (1746–1794) possibly acquired it while attending University College, Oxford between 1764 to 1773.

After Jones' death, his wife Lady Anna Maria Jones (1748–1829) inherited the volume, which after her death, the London firm of R. H. Evans (1778–1857) sold on 20 May 1831 (lot 432*), to bookseller John George Cochrane (1781–1852), who likely acted as an agent on behalf of Chancery Court Clerk and Royal Asiatic Society member Samuel Hawtayne Lewin (1795–1840), for whom he evidently also obtained other ex-Jones volumes (e.g. Rylands Persian MS 187 and 340; see Lawrence, 'Building a Library', pp. 11 n42, 12 n48, 70, Appendix 3).

After Lewin's death, his family evidently sold his manuscripts, largely then obtained by scholar Nathaniel Bland (1803–1865), after whose death, London bookseller Bernard Quaritch (1819–1899) sold his oriental manuscripts to Alexander Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford (1812–1880) in 1866.

Purchased by Enriqueta Rylands (1843–1908) in 1901 from James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford (1847–1913).

Bequeathed by Enriqueta Rylands (1843–1908) in 1908 to the John Rylands Library.

Record Sources

Bibliographical description based on an index created by Reza Navabpour circa 1993, derived from a manuscript handlist by Michael Kerney, circa 1890s and his Bibliotheca Lindesiana, Hand-list of Oriental Manuscripts: Arabic, Persian, Turkish, 1898.

Manuscript description by Jake Benson in 2023 with reference to the volume in hand.

Availability

To book an in-person or online appointment to consult the manuscript, visit Using the Special Collections Reading Rooms. For any other enquiries please email uml.special-collections@manchester.ac.uk.

Digital Images

Manchester Digital Collections (full digital facsimile)

Bibliography

    Mr. [R. H.] Evans, Catalogue of the Library of the Late Sir William Jones, Judge of the Supreme Court of Bengal, and President of the Asiatic Society : with the Books Added Subsequently to His Death, by His Widow, Lady Jones... London: Mr. Evans, 1831) p. 17, no. 432*.
    Fihris al-Makhṭūṭāt al-Turkīyah al-ʻUthmānīyah al-latī iqtanat'hā Dār al-Kutub al-Qawmīyah mundhu ʻām 1870 ḥattá nihāyat 1980 m, Vol. III (Cairo: Hayʼah al-Miṣrīyah al-ʻĀmmah lil-Kitāb, 1987), p. 24.
    J. Lawrence, 'Building a Library: The Arabic and Persian Manuscript Collection of Sir William Jones', Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Jan. 2021): pp. 1–70.
    Ş. Öztürk, 'Şem‘î', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Vol. 38 (2010): pp. 505–506.
    C. Rieu, Catalogue of the Turkish manuscripts in the British Museum (London: British Museum, 1888), pp. 156–157 [British Library Harl 5485/II].
    E. Sachau and H. Ethé, Catalogue of the Persian, Turkish, Hindûstani, and Pushtû manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Vol. I (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1889), cols. 550–551, no. 745 [Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 69].

Funding of Cataloguing

Iran Heritage Foundation

The John Rylands Research Institute

The Persian Heritage Foundation

The Soudavar Memorial Foundation


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