Union Catalogue of Manuscripts from the Islamicate World

Persian MS 845 (The John Rylands Research Institute and Library, The University of Manchester)

Persian Manuscripts

Contents

Summary of Contents: This Dīvān by Muḥammad ʻAlī Ḥazīn (1692?-1766) features 1,117 of his ghazalīyāt (lyric poems) arranged by theme, appended by a few more, which comprises the second of his four collections that he completed in 1155 AH (1742–1743 CE). Originally born in Iṣfahān in 1103 AH (1691-1692 CE), the author fled his native homeland during the rise of Nādir Shāh Afshār (b. 1688, r. 1736–1747). He reached the Indian subcontinent in 1146 AH (1733–1734 CE) where he attained fame, then passed away in 1180 AH (1766–1767) in Benares (Varanasi).
Title: Dīvān
Title: ديوان
Incipit: (basmala) برگ ۱پ (folio 1b): درین دریا بی پایان در این طوفان شور افزا * دل افکندیم بسم الله مَجرها و مُرسُها کن
Explicit: برگ ۲۳۳ر (folio 233a): حزین از همّت مردانه دارم شرمساریها * اگر دریا و کان، در دامن سایل کنم خالی
Colophon: تم المتفرقات بعون الله سبحانه. رباعیات پ مثنویات باقیت در جلد سوم انجام خواهد یافت.
Colophon: Uniformative colophon which only indicates that the susbsequent third volume, now missing, contains quatrains and couplets.
Language(s): Persian

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: Textblock of two types of externally sized and polished paper. The first is comparatively thin-weight, straight-grained, buff coloured, the second a comparatively medium-weight, cross-grained, and ivoury-coloured paper \ both probably handmade in the Indian subcontinent the former with ~9 laid lines per cm, the latter with ~7 laid lines per cm, and neither bear discernible chain lines.
Extent: Undetermined number of folios, 14 flyleaves (ff. vii + ? + vii).
Dimensions (leaf): 270 × 168 mm.
Dimensions (written): 187 × 101 mm.
Foliation: Unfoliated.

Collation

Undetermined, but probably primarily quaternions throughout. Catchwords throughout most of the lower-left corners of the b sides.

Condition

Text in good condition, with moderate staining.

Layout

Written in 1 to 2 columns with 14 lines per page. Ruled with a misṭarah hand guide.

Hand(s)

Written in clear black nasta‘līq.

Decoration

Headpiece: Opening folio 1b bears a scalloped domed headpiece with gilt palmette foliate scrollwork on an ultramarine ground and an uninscribed central cartouche, and four vertical radiating lines.

Carpet Pages: Opening folios 1b to 2a extensively illuminated and ruled.

Ruling: Text margins ruled in gold outlined with thin single internal and double external black lines, and surrounded by single red and blue lines.

Additions:
Inscriptions: The second right flyleaf a side (f. iia) bears the title in below Swinton's seal in his hand, as well as a pencilled note:
‘Sold in Dr. Scott's sale for £3-15’.
Bookplates: The left pastedown: ‘Bibliotheca Lindesiana’ with pencilled shelfmark ‘F/4’, and white label bearing an earlier Lindesiana class mark ‘Persian MSS No. 51’, with the number crossed out and ‘845’ written aside.

Binding

Probably bound in a hybrid British-Indian style in the Indian subcontinent

Ivoury wove endpapers added to the beginning and end, then resewn at two stations, unsupported. Edges trimmed, and chevron endbands of yellow and black threads twined over round cores at head and tail. Covered in full diced 'Russia' leather over pasteboards. Interior doublures lined with maroon-coloured goatskin leather, their excess widths adhered as hinged connecting the cover to the text block, with strips of paper zig-zag cut along one edge applied over top to disguise the joins. Flyleaves of flocked dark gray paper stiff-leaved with ivoury wove.

275 × 174 × 54 mm.

Handle binding with caution. In poor condition, with the spine delaminating joints breaking, and extensive wear to the edges.

Seal(s):
Two black recantugular intaglio carved nasta‘līq scriptseal impressions, including one for Swinton, as well as his arms blocked in the upper spine panel in gold.

1: A small rectangular seal impression with the name of a former owner Sulaymān, intaglio-carved in one nasta'liq script line, double-ruled, possibly date ‘14’ and regnal year ‘’ :
‘۴ سلیمان ۱۴ ’
11 × 14 mm.

2: A large rectangular seal impression of former owner Captain Archibald Swinton, intaglio-carved in nasta'liq script in two stacked lines, double-ruled, dated 1174 AH (1760–61 CE):
‘ارچبالد سوینتن رستم جنگ بهادر ۱۱۷۴’
21 × 26 mm.

3: (Spine) Swinton's arms blocked in gold on a skiver leather label adhered to the upper panel of the spine, features a boar tethered to an oak tree:
18 × 17 mm.

Accompanying Material

Manuscript accompanied by a 19th-century protective slipcase with walls and flap of claret-coloured artificially embossed straight-grained morocco goatskin leather, and the boards faced with medium brown calfskin, with the board margins blind-tooled with triple fillet lines.
275 × 175 × 55 mm.

History

Origin: Probably completed in the Indian subcontinent; , undated, but probably late 18th to early 19th centuries CE

Provenance and Acquisition

Subsequently acquired by Captain Archibald Swinton (1731–1804), who served in the East India Company from 1752 to 1766, initially as a surgeon then later as an interpreter and emissary for Lord Robert Clive (1725–1774), the first Governor of the Bengal Presidency. After amassing a significant collection of manuscripts and works of art, he returned to Britain where he evidently commissioned the rebinding of other disparate volumes together with this one as a set, as evinced by his Anglo-Persian seal impression, bookplate, and arms blocked in gold upon the uppermost spine panel.

After his death, James Christie Jr (1773–1831) sold Swinton's collection in London on 6 June 1810 (p. 11, no. 55), where an individual named ‘Polhill’ purchased it for £1-5s-0d.

Subsequently acquired by orientalist Jonathan Scott (1574–1829), after whose death, his family inherited then sold his library through S. Leigh Sotheby on 15 Jun. 1850 (p. 6 no. 43) where bookseller Henry George Bohn (1796–1884) purchased it for £3, 15 shillings.

Probably thereafter sold by Bohn to scholar George Cecil Renouard (1780–1867) as per an unsigned note in his hand stating it to be one of Scott's manuscripts.

After Renouard's death, booksellers Williams & Norgate acquired Renouard's oriental manuscripts and sold fourteen volumes to Alexander Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford (1812–1880) on 9 Apr. 1867 for £7, 9 shillings. That, or possibly acquired by Bernard Quartich from the subsequent sale of the remainder of Renouard's library at Sotheby's on 12-14 November 1867, then sold to Lindsay.

Purchased by Enriqueta Rylands (1843–1908) in 1901 from James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford (1847–1913).

Bequeathed by Enriqueta Rylands (1843–1908) in 1908 to the John Rylands Library, Manchester.

Record Sources

Bibliographical description based on an index created by Reza Navabpour circa 1993, derived from a manuscript catalogue by Michael Kerney, circa 1890s, concisely published as Bibliotheca Lindesiana, Hand-list of Oriental Manuscripts: Arabic, Persian, Turkish, 1898.

Manuscript description by Jake Benson in 2023 with reference to the volume in hand.

Availability

To book an in-person or online appointment to consult the manuscript, visit Using the Special Collections Reading Rooms. For any other enquiries please email uml.special-collections@manchester.ac.uk.

Bibliography

    H. Ethé, Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office, Vol. I (Oxford: Printed for the India Office by H. Hart, 1903) col. 928–930, nos. 1712–1713[British Library IO Islamic 903 and 569].
    Muḥammad ʻAlī Ḥazīn, The life of Sheikh Mohammed Ali Hazin. Translated by Francis Cunningham Belfour. London: Oriental Translation Fund, 1830.
    Sarfarāz Khān Khatak, Shaikh Muḥammad'Alī Ḥazīn: His Life, Times and Works. Lahore: Muhammad Ashraf, 1944.
    D. N. Marshall, Mughals in India: A Bibliographical Survey. Vol. 1. Manuscripts (Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1962), pp. 183–184, no. 629 (iii).
    Naushahi p. 957.
    J. R. Perry, 'Ḥazīn Lāhijī' Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. XII, fasc. 1 (2004), pp. 97-98.
    C. Rieu, Catalogue of the Persian manuscripts in the British Museum, Vol. II (London: British Museum, 1879), pp. 715–718 [British Library Or. 322, &c.].
    E. Sachau and H. Ethé, Catalogue of the Persian, Turkish, Hindûstani, and Pushtû manuscripts in the Bodleian Library Vol I. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1889), col. 721, no. 1184 [Bodleian Elliot 213 &c.].
    S. Leigh Sotheby, Catalogue... Dr. Jonathan Scott (1850) p. 6 no. 43.
    A. Sprenger, A Catalogue of Arabic, Persian and Hindustany Manuscripts in the Libraries of the King of Oudh. (Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1854), p. 424, no. 260.
    C. A. Storey, Persian Literature: A Bio-bibliographical Survey, Vol. I Pt. 2 (London: Luzac & Co., 1953), pp. 847–848, no. 1150 (1).
    C. A. Storey Persian Literature: A Bio-bibliographical Survey, Vols. I–II, Biography, Additions, and Corrections: Section 2, History, Biography, etc. [Online] ((Leiden: Brill, 2021) no. 1150.

Funding of Cataloguing

Iran Heritage Foundation

The John Rylands Research Institute

The Soudavar Memorial Foundation


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