Union Catalogue of Manuscripts from the Islamicate World

Persian MS 9 (The John Rylands Research Institute and Library, The University of Manchester)

Persian Manuscripts

Contents

Summary of Contents: This illustrated Persian manuscript features two different works synchronously written on the pages: a Shāhnāmah (Book of Kings) by Firdawsī appears in the centres, while the Khamsah (Quintet) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī, ca. 1140–1203 surrounds it in the margins. When first work concludes on 695b, the second text appears in both remaining centres and margins until the conclusion. This manuscript contains forty-two illustrations apparently completed by two different hands, along with two unfinished preliminary sketches, and eleven unfinished blank spaces, for a total of fifty-five planned images. Unsigned and undated, B. W. Robinson identifies the manuscript as probably mid-15th century CE and attributes the volume to a 'Timurid School' then predominant in the western Indian subcontinent. While this attribution awaits further study, the manuscript nevertheless constitutes as a significant example of provincial early 15th century illustrated Persian literature.
1. 1b–695a
Incipit: (basmala) برگ ۱پ (folio 1b): سپاس و ستایش مر خدای را عز و جل که خدای مرد و جهانت
Explicit: برگ ۶۹۵ر (folio 695a): کو هیج ذکر ز هجرت شده پنج هشتاد بار * به نام جهانداور کردگا
Colophon: برگ ۶۹۵ر (folio 695a): تم الکتاب بعون الملک الوهاب و صلی الله علی محمد خیر خلقع و آله و الحمد لله رب العالمین اللهم اغفر لکاتبه و اصحابه و نفاریته و جمیع المومنین وال مومنات م. وثلاثين وتسعماية
Colophon: Uninformative colophon.
Language(s): Persian

References

J. Hämeen-Anttila, Khwadāynāmag: The Middle Persian Book of Kings Leiden: Brill 2018.
F. du Blois, Persian Literature a Bio-Bibliographical Survey : Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period, Vol. V, 2nd ed. (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004), pp. 94–96 no. 52 [Daqīqī]; pp. 110–138, no. 58 [Firdawsī].
B. W. Robinson, Persian Miniature Painting from Collections in the British Isles (London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1967), p. 142, no. 143.
B. W. Robinson, Persian Paintings in the John Rylands Library: A Descriptive Catalogue (London: Sotheby Parke Bernet Publications, 1980), pp. 295–330, nos. 1126–1480.
S. Leigh Sotheby & John Wilkinson, Catalogue of the First Division of the Larger Portion of the Library of Dr. Hawtrey. (London: S. Leigh Sotheby & John Wilkinson, 1853), p. 62, lot 690.
2. 1b–702a
Title: Khamsah
Title: خمسۀ
Language(s): Persian
1. 1b
Incipit: (basmala) برگ ۱پ (folio 1b): بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم * هست کلید در گنج حکیم.
Language(s): Persian
3. 56b
4. 219b
5. 332b
6. 457a
7. 620b
Explicit: برگ ۷۰۲ر (folio 702a): رونده رهی زن که بر رود ساز * چو عمر شه آن راه باشد دراز
Colophon: برگ ۷۰۲ر (folio 702a): تمت الکتاب بعون الملک الوهاب المسمی بخمسه سلطان العارفین شیخ نظامی گنجه رجمه الله علیه.
Colophon: Uninformative colophon.

References

François de Blois, Persian Literature: A Bio-bibliographical Survey, Vol. V, Pt. 2 (London, Luzac, 1994), pp. 364, 374 .
H. Ethé, Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office, Vol. I (Oxford: Printed for the India Office by H. Hart, 1903) cols. 602–603, no. 989 [BL IO Islamic 1444].
‘Arif Naushahi, Kitāb-shināsī-yi Ās̱ār-i Fārsī-yi Chāp Shudah pp. 830–831, no. 5558
D. Parrello, 'Ḵamsa of Neẓāmī', Encyclopædia Iranica Vol. 15, Fasc. 5 (2011): pp. 451–453.
S. Rafiee-Rad, 'Persian Manuscripts in Samuel Robinson’s Collection in The John Rylands Library', Manuscripta: A Journal for Manuscript Research, Vol. 61, No. 2 (2017): pp. 248–251 [Rylands Persian MS 969].
C. Rieu, Catalogue of the Persian manuscripts in the British Museum, Vol. II (London: British Museum, 1881), pp. 565–566 [BL Add. 7729/1].
E. Sachau and H. Ethé, Catalogue of the Persian, Turkish, Hindûstani, and Pushtû manuscripts in the Bodleian Library Vol I. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1889), col. 494, nos. 600–603 [Bodleian. Ms. Ouseley 302, &c.].

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: Textblock of medium-weight, cross-grained, externally sized and polished, cream-coloured paper, possibly handmade in the Indian subcontinent, with ~8 laid lines per cm and no discernible chain lines. Final replaced folio 702 of highly sized and polished wove paper, of possibly British manufacture.
Extent: 702 folios, 14 flyleaves (ff. xii + 702 + ii).
Dimensions (leaf): 230 × 151 mm.
Dimensions (written): 200 × 131 mm.
Foliation: Pencilled Arabic numerals added to the upper-left corners of the a sides.
Foliation: Hindu-Arabic numerals added to the lefthand ruled triangles on the a sides.

Collation

Undetermined. Catchwords only appear for the Khamsah in ruled triangles on the lower-left corners of the b sides.

Condition

Handle text with caution. In fair but condition, with significant water and mould damage and historical repairs throughout. Folio 3 protrudes from the fore-edge.

Layout

Central text primarily written in four columns column with 22 lines per page. Margins ruled with 42 hemistichs, hence 62 lines per page total. Ruled with a misṭarah hand guide.

Hand(s)

Written in clear black nasta‘līq with subheaders in riqa‘ written in gold for the Shāhnāmah, with red, blue and green, for the Khamsah.

Decoration

Illumination: Folio 1b bears a scalloped domed headpiece with gilt palmette foliate scrollwork on an ultramarine ground and an uninscribed central cartouche, and four vertical radiating lines that commences the introduction.
34 × 106 mm.

Folio 1b, top-left of the other headpiece, bears an trapezoidal headpiece that commences the Makhzan al-Asrār, the first work in the Khamsah.
19 × 33 mm.

Folio 7b, a rectangular headpiece commences the Shāhnāmah.
35 × 105 mm.

Folio 56b, top-left a trapezoidal headpiece commences the romance of Khusraw va Shīrīn, the second work in the Khamsah.
20 × 3p mm.

Folio 219b, top-left, a trapezoidal headpiece commences the romance of Laylī va Majnūn, the third work in the Khamsah.
20 × 37 mm.

Folio 332b, top-left, a trapezoidal headpiece commences the Haft Paykar, the fourth work in the Khamsah.
20 × 34 mm.

Folio 359 a rectangular headpiece commences the reign of Shāh Luhrāsp from the Shāhnāmah.
45 × 106 mm.

Folio 457a, top-left, a trapezoidal headpiece commences the Sharafnāmah, the the first part of the Iskandarnāmah, the fifth work the Khamsah.
20 × 35 mm.

Folio 620b, top-left, a trapezoidal headpiece commences the Khiradnāmah, the second part of the Iskandarnāmah, the fifth work in the Khamsah.
20 × 36 mm.

Ruling: Folios 1b and 2a ruled in gold outlined with thin black lines, and surrounded by another single line. The margins of folios 2b onwards ruled with single lines of ultramarine blue.

Additions:
Inscriptions: The right pastedown bears booksellers' marks and notes regarding specific passages in the hand of former owner Nathaniel Bland.
The twelfth right flyleaf b side (f. xiib) bears the titles and ‘Nº 97’ prominently written in the centre, unsigned, but in the hand of former owner Sir Gore Ouseley, as identified in another note by Nathaniel Bland at top, and a description of the volume underneath also in the latter's hand.
Bookplates: The left pastedown: ‘Bibliotheca Lindesiana’ with pencilled shelfmark ‘2/K’, and ‘Bland MSS No. 327’, with the name and number crossed out and ‘Persian’ and ‘123’ written aside.

Binding

Probably rebound in London for former owner Sir Gore Ouseley .

British-made wove endpapers added to the beginning and end, then resewn, abbreviated, on recessed five recessed cords, with three laced into pasteboards. Edges trimmed then spattered in russet, with front-bead decorative endbands of blue and white threads sewn at head and tail. Covered in half calfskin leather, hollow-backed, with five false bands on the spine, and boards faced with "shell"-patterned marbled paper.

Spine full gilt, "run-up" back, with double fillets palleted on either side of the bands, and zig-zag darts on top them. Spine panels bear floral scrollwork and palemettes. Black goatskin skiver leather label bears the titles:
‘SHAH NAMEH
KHEMSEH I NIZAMI’

239 × 167 × 78 mm.

Handle binding with caution. In fair but stable condition, with extensive abrasion to the exterior and board edges, bumped corners, and cracked joints. Some endpapers appear torn out from the front of the volume. Boxed.

Seal(s):

Folio 701a bears a black oval seal impression, intaglio-carved in one line of decorative combination of angular and curvelinear naskh, bears the name of a former owner or associate named ‘Alī bin al-Ḥusayn
14 × 17 mm.

History

Origin: Possibly completed in the Indian subcontinent; undated, but probably mid-15th c. CE..

Provenance and Acquisition

Subsequently owned or inspected by a person named ‘Alī bin al-Ḥusayn as per his seal impression on folio 701a.

Part of the collection of Persian manuscripts formed by Sir Gore Ouseley (1770-1844), who probably acquired the volume during his tenure as British emissary to the Qajar court in 1810 to 1814, given the replaced final folio on modern wove paper, consistent with other volumes completed for Ouseley at that time (e.g. Persian MS 807 and 808), then rebound in London after his return.

Apparently sold by Ouseley in the late 1820s to booksellers Howell and Stewart.

Probably sold by that firm to scholar Nathaniel Bland (1803-1865) for his library at Randalls Park, Leatherhead.

After Bland's death, London bookseller Bernard Quaritch (1819–1899) sold his oriental manuscripts to Alexander Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford (1812–1880) in June, 1866, paid in two instalments of £450 and £400, and then moved to Bibliotheca Lindesiana at Haigh Hall, Wigan.

Purchased by Enriqueta Rylands (1843–1908) in 1901 from James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford (1847–1913).

Bequeathed by Enriqueta Rylands (1843–1908) in 1908 to the John Rylands Library, Manchester.

Record Sources

Bibliographical description based on an index created by Reza Navabpour circa 1993, derived from a manuscript catalogue by Michael Kerney, circa 1890s, concisely published as Bibliotheca Lindesiana, Hand-list of Oriental Manuscripts: Arabic, Persian, Turkish, 1898.

Codicological description based on B. W. Robinson, Persian Paintings in the John Rylands Library: A Descriptive Catalogue (London, 1980).

Physical description by Jake Benson in 2025 with reference to the volume in hand.

Availability

To book an in-person or online appointment to consult the manuscript, visit Using the Special Collections Reading Rooms. For any other enquiries please email uml.special-collections@manchester.ac.uk.

Funding of Cataloguing

Iran Heritage Foundation

The John Rylands Research Institute

The Soudavar Memorial Foundation


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