Union Catalogue of Manuscripts from the Islamicate World

Indian Drawings 12 (The John Rylands Research Institute and Library, The University of Manchester)

Persian Manuscripts

Album of forty folios of paintings and calligraphy, assembled at Lucknow for Swiss mercenary Antoine Polier (d. 1795).

Contents

Summary of Contents: Album of forty-two folios (originally forty) that feature Persian and South Asian paintings and calligraphy, assembled for Swiss mercenary Colonel Antoine-Louis-Henri Polier (d. 1795), probably at Lucknow and overseen by artist Mihr Chand, between 1780 to 1787. Titled ‘Volume quatorsieme’ (Volume 14), it is one of twenty-one of Polier's albums that survive today.
Folio 1a
Title: Blank Folio
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 385 × 260 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 356 × 226 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 262 × 135 mm.
Centre: 203 × 105 mm.

A French inscription at top in Polier's hand identifies this as the fourteenth of twenty-five albums offered for sale in an undated French note (see Weis essay).

References

F. Weis, 'To Be Viewed from Both Ends: The Surviving Polier Albums', Eighteenth-Century Indian Muraqqaʿs: Audiences – Artists – Patrons and Collectors (Leiden: Brill, 2025), 143–186 (see especially p. 162, tbl. 7.2).
Folio 1b
Title: Safavid tinted and gilt drawing of a young Man with a red shawl
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 390 × 260 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 355 × 228 mm.
Intermediate Applied Border: 210 × 130 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 183 × 100 mm.
Drawing: 115 × 73 mm.

Probably 17th-century, influenced by the style of Riz̤ā ‘Abbāsī. Numbered ‘1’ in Polier's hand.

References

B. W. Robinson, Persian Paintings in the John Rylands Library: A Descriptive Catalogue (London: Sotheby Parke Bennet, 1980), pp. 346–347, no. 1580..
Folio 2a
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 383 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 355 × 238 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 284 × 188 mm.
Drawing: 258 × 165 mm.

Inscribed on the interior applied border in Polier's hand: ‘Bouran al Maluck [2] Safdar Jung’.

Folio 2b
Title: Unidentified Persian Ghazal
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 380 × 260 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 341 × 226 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 174 × 114 mm.
Calligraphy: 140 × 82 mm.

Folio 3a
Title: Painting of seven women relaxing at a river
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 398 × 278 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 364 × 245 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 283 × 214 mm.
Painting: 140 × 82 mm.

Landscape format. The first of two folios subsequently added to this album

Folio 3b
Title: Nasta‘līq Murrakibāt
Title: Combination lettering exercises
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Arabic

Exterior Applied Border: 398 × 273 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 365 × 240 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 182 × 111 mm.
Calligraphy: 150 × 80 mm.

Landscape format. Folio numbered ‘10’ in Hindu-Arabic numerals at top-left corner. Calligraphy numbered ‘2’ underneath the start of the second line.

Folio 4a
Title: Shāhzādī
Title: Portrait of an unidentified princess
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 395 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 361 × 241 mm.
Intermediate Applied Border: 264 × 142 mm.
Interior Gilt Margin: 235 × 115 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 95 × 80 mm.
Painting: 75 × 59 mm.

The second of two folios subsequently added to this album

Folio 4b
Title: Nasta‘līq Mufradāt wa Murrakibāt
Title: Isolated and combination lettering exercises
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Arabic

Exterior Applied Border: 387 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 357 × 235 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 180 × 108 mm.
Calligraphy: 150 × 80 mm.

Landscape format. Folio numbered ‘9’ in at top-left corner. Calligraphy numbered ‘1’ underneath the start of the second line. Same hand as 3b.

Folio 5a
Title: Unidentified standing Mughal prince
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 382 × 264 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 353 × 235 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 240 × 156 mm.
Painting: 211 × 128 mm.

Folio numbered ‘3’ in Polier's hand.

Folio 5b
Title: Unidentified Persian Ghazal
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 383 × 265 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 353 × 237 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 175 × 120 mm.
Calligraphy: 140 × 85 mm.

Same hand as folio 2b.

Folio 6a
Title: Unidentified standing, middle-aged Mughal nobleman
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 386 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 351 × 234 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 225 × 143 mm.
Painting: 188 × 115 mm.

Folio numbered ‘4’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 6b
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 380 × 257 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 351 × 230 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 208 × 102 mm.
Calligraphy: 176 × 72 mm.

Detached manuscript folio.

Folio 7a
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 393 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 365 × 238 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 235 × 155 mm.
Painting: 210 × 130 mm.

Folio numbered ‘4’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 7b
Title: Nastalīq Persian Couplets
Scribe: Isḥāq
"هو المعز. دارم امید از خدای کریم * آن کریمی که قادر است و رحیم | کزبلیات در امان باشی * تا جهانست در جهان باشی | "
Colophon: المذنب اسحاق غفر له
Colophon: Completed by Isḥāq, undated.
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 380 × 257 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 351 × 230 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 208 × 102 mm.
Calligraphy: 176 × 72 mm.

Detached manuscript folio. Several scribes by this name appear recorded. Bayānī notes an example in an unidentified album in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris, potentially by the same scribe, which awaits confirmation.

References

Mahdī Bayānī, Aḥvāl va Ās̱ār-i Khvushnivīsān, vol. 1 (Tehran: University of Tehran Press, 1345 SH [1967 CE]), p. 58, no. 91.
Folio 8a
Title: Mullā Dūpīyāzah rides a nag
Artist and Autographer: Mihr Chand;
مهر چند
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 394 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 368 × 243 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 248 × 171 mm.
Painting: 223 × 148 mm.

Signed ‘Mihr Chand pasar-i Gangā Rām’ on the lower-right corner. Captioned ‘Mullah Dopiazeh 6’ in Polier's hand underneath the interior applied border. A fictional Mughal-era character of Akbar's court and subject of South Asian comic literature, Mullā Dūpīyāzah's name literally means "double onions", which references a curry sauce made of fresh and fried onions combined. He is frequently depicted riding an emciated horse—a trope ultimatelty derived from medieval Persian satirical literature— together with an emaciated dog. Mihr Chand evidently copied this scene at least twice, from another example preserved in an album that formerly belonged to Jean-Baptiste Gentil now held in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris, Estampes, Réserve Od 60, folio 25a. The other example he completed appears in British Museum 1920,0917,0.140. See Weis and Roy essays.

References

M. Roy and J. Benson 'A Newly Identified Muraqqaʿ Assembled for Antoine-Louis-Henri Polier in the British Museum. Appendix: List of Contents in the Polier Album (BM 1920,0917,0.133–153)' Eighteenth-Century Indian Muraqqaʿs: Audiences – Artists – Patrons and Collectors, edited by F. Weis, (Leiden: Brill, 2025), p. 206.
F. Weis, 'To Be Viewed from Both Ends: The Surviving Polier Albums', Eighteenth-Century Indian Muraqqaʿs: Audiences – Artists – Patrons and Collectors, edited by F. Weis, (Leiden: Brill, 2025), p. 149 n42.
Folio 8b
Title: Nasta‘līq Persian Couplets
Scribe: Muḥammad Hāshim al-Ḥusaynī
Colophon: الفقیر محمد هاشم الخسینی
Colophon: Completed by Muḥammad Hāshim al-Ḥusaynī, undated.
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 395 × 267 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 366 × 242 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 287 × 163 mm.
Calligraphy: 263 × 138 mm.

Landscape format, rotated 90º counter-clockwise. noticeable break on the right of the calligraphy Bayānī describes a man by this name as father in-law to the poet Muḥammad Afz̤al 'Sarkhush' Lahūrī (ca. 1644-1714) and that an unidentified calligraphy preserved in Punjab Museum may be by him.

References

Mahdī Bayānī, Aḥvāl va Ās̱ār-i Khvushnivīsān, vol. 1 (Tehran: University of Tehran Press, 1345 SH [1967 CE]), p. 859, no. 1278.
Folio 9a
Title: Shāh ‘Abbās I with attendants
Colophon: رقم کمینه‌ٔرضا عباسى
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 391 × 277 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 357 × 242 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 230 × 176 mm.
Painting: 202 × 146 mm.

Numbered ‘7’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border. This appears to be a later copy. See Robinson.

References

B. W. Robinson, Persian Paintings in the John Rylands Library: A Descriptive Catalogue (London: Sotheby Parke Bennet, 1980), p. 347, no. 1581..
Folio 9b
Scribe: Anonymous
"قد تنكرُ العينُ ضوءَ الشمسِ من رمدٍ * و ينكر
يا خير من يمّم العافون ساحته * سعيا وفوق
ومن هو الاية الكبرى لمعتبر * ومن هو النّعمة العظمى لمغتنم"
Language(s): Arabic

Exterior Applied Border: 392 × 272 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 369 × 250 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 304 × 195 mm.
Calligraphy: 278 × 165 mm.

Landscape format, rotated 90º counter-clockwise. Written on butter-tinted paper. Although unsigned, this style of bold thuluth prevailed in 18th-century Awadh. Hindu-Arabic numeral ‘27’ at bottom-left.

Folio 10a
Title: A European women reposes in a state of deshabille
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 397 × 277 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 362 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 165 × 113 mm.
Painting: 136 × 84 mm.

Numbered ‘8’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 10b
Title: Munajāt
Title: Whispered Prayers
Scribe: Anonymous
" فَحَبْلُ رَجائي مِنْكَ لا يَتَقَطَّعُ
فَحَبْلُ رَجائي مِنْكَ لا يَتَقَطَّعُ
اِلـهي ذُنُوبي بَذَّتِ الطَّوْدَ وَاْعتَلَتْ * وَصَفْحُكَ عَنْ ذَنْبي اَجَلُّ وَاَرْفَعُ |
ومن هو الاية الكبرى لمعتبر * ومن هو النّعمة العظمى لمغتنم"
Language(s): Arabic

Exterior Applied Border: 392 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 364 × 246 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 208 × 120 mm.
Calligraphy: 186 × 101 mm.

The repeated initial lines appear to indicate this would be a draft composition. Possibly written on a pale peach tinted paper. Hindu-Arabic numeral ‘59’ at bottom-right.

Folio 11a
Title: A satirical drawing of a Safavid rifleman and archer.
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 387 × 260 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 358 × 230 mm.
Intermediate Applied Border: 250 × 179 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 235 × 155 mm.
Drawing: 215 × 143 mm.

For an analysis of this image, see Robinson. Numbered ‘9’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

References

B. W. Robinson, Persian Paintings in the John Rylands Library: A Descriptive Catalogue (London: Sotheby Parke Bennet, 1980), p. 279, no. 820..
Folio 11b
Title: Quatrain
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 392 × 265 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 357 × 231 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 185 × 114 mm.
Calligraphy: 160 × 89 mm.

Folio 12a
Title: Unidentified standing Deccani nobelman with a hawk outdoors.
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 384 × 266 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 352 × 233 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 247 × 164 mm.
Painting: 237 × 143 mm.

Unnumbered.

Folio 12b
Title: Rawz̤at al-Anvār
Scribe: Anonymous
Incipit: خواهی رسید که خداوند کار و بنده انجامشان...
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 388 × 269 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 360 × 242 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 177 × 103 mm.
Calligraphy: 155 × 77 mm.

Written on apricot-tinted paper, with some insect damage.

Folio 13a
Title: A standing unidentified Mughal emperor.
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 384 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 353 × 238 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 288 × 195 mm.
Painting: 262 × 169 mm.

Numbered ‘11’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 13b
Title: Unidentified Persian Ghazal
Scribe: Anonymous
Incipit: بر خاک و آب جمله روانست حکیم او
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 378 × 262 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 350 × 235 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 176 × 117 mm.
Calligraphy: 173 × 84 mm.

Same hand as folio 2b and Folio 5b. Written on paper dusted with gold particles. Margin also flecked with gold before painting.

Folio 14a
Title: A drunken musical party in a courtyard
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 390 × 260 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 358 × 228 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 237 × 163 mm.
Painting: 210 × 136 mm.

Numbered ‘12’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border. Interleaving detached from the gutter, crumpled, and torn at the edges.

Folio 14b
Title: Excerpt from a poem
Scribe: Anonymous
" يامن يرى مافي الضمير ويسمع * أنت المعد لكل ما يتوقع | يا من يرجى للشدائد كلهـا * يامن إليه المشتكي والمفزع | يا من خزائن ملكه في قول كن * أمنن فإن الخيـر عنـدك أجمـع"
Language(s): Arabic

Exterior Applied Border: 397 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 361 × 240 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 157 × 106 mm.
Calligraphy: 125 × 73 mm.

Written on a pale pink "Stormont" type marbled paper with curled designs. Hindu-Arabic numeral ‘6’ at bottom-right.

Folio 15a
Title: A princely couple lie on a veranda surrounded by female attendants.
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 395 × 278 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 360 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 249 × 174 mm.
Painting: 220 × 144 mm.

Numbered ‘13’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 15b
Title: Arabic Quatrain
" اعتصام الورى بمعرفتك عجز الواصفون عن صفتك تب علينا فإننا بشر ما عرفناك حق معرفتك "
" نَادِ عَلِيّاً مَظْهَرَ الْعَجَائِبِ * تَجِدْهُ عَوْناً لَكَ فِي النَّوَائِب | كُلِّ هَمٍّ وَ غَمٍّ سَيَنْجَلِي * بِوَلَايَتِكَ يَا عَلِيُّ يَا عَلِيُّ يَا عَلِيُّ | ِ "
Colophon: فقير علي الكاتب
Language(s): Arabic

Exterior Applied Border: 387 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 361 × 243 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 167 × 100 mm.
Calligraphy: 144 × 78 mm.

This appears of doubtful authenticity.

Folio 16a
Title: Possibly Jahāngīr
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 398 × 278 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 363 × 242 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 171 × 115 mm.
Painting: 143 × 85 mm.

Numbered ‘15’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 16b
Title: Nād ‘Alīyān
Author, Dubious author and Attributed name: ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib, 980–1037
Scribe: Anonymous
" اعتصام الورى بمعرفتك عجز الواصفون عن صفتك تب علينا فإننا بشر ما عرفناك حق معرفتك "
" نَادِ عَلِيّاً مَظْهَرَ الْعَجَائِبِ * تَجِدْهُ عَوْناً لَكَ فِي النَّوَائِب | كُلِّ هَمٍّ وَ غَمٍّ سَيَنْجَلِي * بِوَلَايَتِكَ يَا عَلِيُّ يَا عَلِيُّ يَا عَلِيُّ | ِ "
Language(s): Arabic

Exterior Applied Border: 393 × 275 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 369 × 253 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 190 × 130 mm.
Calligraphy: 168 × 112 mm.

Mottled blue paper with 7 laid lines per cm and no discernible chain lines.

Folio 17a
Title: Unidentified standing Mughal nobleman
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 393 × 275 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 361 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 217 × 160 mm.
Painting: 190 × 135 mm.

Numbered ‘15’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border, with Hindu-Arabic numeral ‘17’ at bottom-left on the exterior applied border. Interleaving detached and crumpled.

Folio 17b
Title: Persian Quatrain celebrating Nawrūz
Scribe: Abū al-Maʻālī ‘Abbāsī
Incipit: الله اکبر
"یا رب همهٔ فال تو مبارک بادا * روز و مه سال تو مبارک بادا | نورز که غره نشاط و طربیست * با عید جمال تو مبارک بادا "
Language(s): Arabic

Exterior Applied Border: 390 × 275 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 366 × 246 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 271 × 161 mm.
Interior Margin: 248 × 140 mm.
First Fragment: 28 × 43 mm. Second Fragment: 33 × 123 mm. Third Fragment: 31 × 123 mm. Fourth Fragment: 33 × 123 mm. Fifth Fragment: 31 × 124 mm. Sixth Fragment: 28 × 43 mm.

For more on this scribe see Bayānī.

Folio 18a
Title: Group of ascetics prepare and drink bhang.
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 394 × 278 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 361 × 241 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 215 × 145 mm.
Drawing: 186 × 117 mm.

Numbered ‘16’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 18b
Title: Folio detached from an unidentified Persian Ornate Prose Text
Author: Anonymous
Scribe: Anonymous
"میرزا عبد الحق من آن که همچون مهر و ماه..."
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 388 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 361 × 245 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 268 × 158 mm.
Top Fragment: 38 × 133 mm. Bottom Fragment: 30 × 133 mm. Folio: 171 × 132 mm.

Numbered ‘46’ in Hindu-Arabic numerals at bottom-left.

Folio 19a
Title: A Mughal princess in a state of deshabille holds a blossom in her left hand
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 393 × 272 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 360 × 242 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 200 × 115 mm.
Centre: 169 × 86 mm. Oval: 110 × 86 mm.

Numbered ‘17’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 19b
Title: Dīvān-i Ishrāq
Title: Munajāt
Scribe: Muḥammad Sa‘īd
" با اسمه سبحانه. ای ز تو نه طاق فلک پر شروق ای ز تو آراسته این چار سوق چهره خورشید درخشان ز تست گردش نه چرخ به سامان زتوست گوش من و حلقه افکندگی دوش من و غاشیه بندگی "
Colophon: کتبه العبد المذنب محمد سعید غفر له
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 389 × 272 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 365 × 249 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 235 × 116 mm.
Calligraphy: 216 × 94 mm.

In the final lines, Mīr Dāmad quotes Sanā'ī. This may possibly be the work of a Quṭb Shāhī court calligrapher, for whom see Bayānī. Numbered ‘78’ in Hindu-Arabic numerals at bottom-left. Written on gold-flecked combed marbled paper.

References

Mahdī Bayānī, Aḥvāl va Ās̱ār-i Khvushnivīsān, vol. 1 (Tehran: University of Tehran Press, 1345 SH [1967 CE]), p. 747, no. 1080.
Folio 20a
Title: Unidentified standing Mughal nobleman
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 394 × 276 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 357 × 241 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 244 × 153 mm.
Painting: 214 × 123 mm.

Numbered ‘18’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 20b
Title: Quatrain
Scribe: Ḥājjī Fāz̤il
" دلبران مهر نمایند و وفا نیز کنند دل بر آن مهر نبندی که جفا نیز کنند عالمی را بکش از غمزه که ترکان به خدنگ گر چه بکشند بسی صید، رها نیز کنند "
Colophon: بتاریخ ربیع الاول سنه ۱۰۶۰ در مکه معظمه تحریر نمود العبد حاجی فاضل غفر له
Colophon: Completed by Ḥajjī Fāz̤il in Rabī‘ I 1060 AH (March 1650 CE) in Mecca (Makkah).
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 385 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 360 × 245 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 202 × 134 mm.
Calligraphy: 170 × 110 mm.

An attached note at top bears the words ‘ḥaqīr-i faqīr’.Numbered ‘26’ at bottom.

Folio 21a
Title: A princess reads under a tree
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 400 × 279 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 363 × 243 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 186 × 117 mm.
Painting: 161 × 93 mm.

Numbered ‘19’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border. Numbered ‘23’ in Hindu-Arabic numerals on the exterior applied border at bottom-left

Folio 21b
Title: Quatrain
"پادشاها لشکر توفیق همراه تواند * خیز اگر بر عزم تسخیر جهان ره می‌کنی | با چنین جاه و جلال از پیشگاه سلطنت * آگهی و خدمت دل‌های آگه می‌کنی | "
Colophon: الفقير علي الكاتب
Colophon: Signed ‘al-Faqīr Mīr ʻAlī’.
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 387 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 360 × 242 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 170 × 106 mm.
Calligraphy: 147 × 83 mm.

This appears authentic.

Folio 22a
Title: Portrait of Iftikhār Khān Ni‘mat Allāhī al-Ḥusaynī.
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 387 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 353 × 236 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 236 × 161 mm.
Painting: 205 × 134 mm.

Identified by a paper note in Persian, and also numbered ‘20’ on the interior applied border, both in Polier's hand. Iftikhār Khān Ni‘mat Allāhī al-Ḥusaynī governed Kashmir during the reign of ‘Alāmgīr I from 1671 to 1675.

Folio 22b
Title: Quatrain
Author: Ashraf Māzandarānī, Muḥammad Saʻīd, ca. 1620–1702
Scribe: Muḥammad ʻAlī Dakkanī
" تو محی دینی و مصطفی حافظ تو * تو صاحب سیف و مرتضی حافظ تو | تو حامی شرع و حامی تو شارع تو * حافظ قرآن و خدا حافظ تو |"
Colophon: کتبه محمد علی دکنی
Colophon: Signed ‘Katabuhu Muḥammad ‘Alī Dakkanī’.
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 388 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 362 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 214 × 117 mm.
Calligraphy: 190 × 95 mm.

Painted gold ground and sprayed with gold particles after completion.

Folio 23a
Title: Portrait of Jahāngīr wearing a chakdār jāmah (four-pointed tunic)
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 394 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 365 × 241 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 188 × 102 mm.
Painting: 164 × 78 mm.

Numbered ‘21’ in Polier's hand underneath the interior applied border. .

Folio 23b
Title: Quatrain
Author: Niẓāmī
Author:
" تو محی دینی و مصطفی حافظ تو * تو صاحب سیف و مرتضی حافظ تو | تو حامی شرع و حامی تو شارع تو * حافظ قرآن و خدا حافظ تو |"
"Fragments: یارب ز تو آنچه من گدا می خواهم * افزون ز هزار پادشا می خواهم | هر کس ز در تو حاجتی می خواهد * من آمده ام از تو ترا می خواهم"
"Top Interior Fragment: ای درویش خدا تعالی را فراموش مکن مه بهترین صفات اینست از غیر خدا..."
"Interior fragments: کرامت جوانمردی و نان دهی است مقالات بیهوده طبل تهی است"
Colophon: کتبه محمد علی دکنی
Colophon: Signed ‘Mashaqahu al-‘Abd al-Muẕannib Maḥmūd bin Īsḥāq al-Shihhābī ghafar ẕunūbuhumā’.
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 393 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 360 × 236 mm.
Intermediate Applied Border: 293 × 195 mm.
Interior Margin: 262 × 165 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 202 × 117 mm.
Calligraphy: 167 × 96 mm.

Ornate prose fragments at top and bottom await identification.

Folio 24a
Title: Horseman Hawking
Colophon: مشقه رضا عباسى
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 391 × 273 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 368 × 245 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 205 × 143 mm.
Drawing: 180 × 118 mm.

Landscape format. While Robinson interprets this as a late-16th century Safavid drawing recoloured in India, it appears to actually be an intentional fake bearing a dubious signature of Dubious signature of Riz̤ā ‘Abbāsī. Numbered ‘22’ in Polier's hand underneath the interior applied border.

References

B. W. Robinson, Persian Paintings in the John Rylands Library: A Descriptive Catalogue (London: Sotheby Parke Bennet, 1980), p. 279, no. 821..
Folio 24b
Title: Unidentified Ghazal
Scribe: Abd Allāh
"گر بلند همتت ای دل * کرد کردم بهیچگونه نکرد | که جکال قناعت آن اولی * کز عبار طمع نگیرد کرد | آب کرمیست هر طعام که هست * شربت خوشگو ازالی سرو "
Colophon: العبد المذنب اسد الله غفر له
Colophon: Signed ‘ al-‘abd al-muẕannib ‘Abd Allāh ghafar lahu’.
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 396 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 360 × 230 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 271 × 118 mm.
Calligraphy: 240 × 88 mm.

numbered 6 at bottom-left

Folio 25a
Title: A group of mystics
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 394 × 274 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 364 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 201 × 133 mm.
Painting: 175 × 104 mm.

Scene recalls Safavid exemplars. Numbered ‘23’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border. Interleaving torn out from gutter. Break in sewing.

Folio 25b
Title: Ghazal
Scribe: Mu‘izz al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Ḥusaynī, fl. late 16th c.
"Fragments: دلم بی تو هرگز قـراری نداشت * بکوی فراغت گذاری نداشت | بدین خوشی روزگاری نداشت * بسی درد‌ها ديد مجنون ولی"
Colophon: العبد المذنب معز الدین محمد الحسینی غفر ذنبه فی سنه ۹۸۵
Colophon: Completed by Mu‘izz al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Ḥusaynī, fl. late 16th c. in 985 AH (1577–1578 CE).
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 393 × 284 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 373 × 267 mm.
Intermediate Applied Border: 351 × 248 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 332 × 230 mm.
Top Fragment: 26 × 104 mm.
Bottom Fragment: 24 × 104 mm.
Right Fragment: 28 × 104 mm.
Left Fragment: 26 × 94 mm.
Calligraphy: 200 × 92 mm.

central calligraphy written on pink and gold sprayed paper outlined in gold ink. Fragments wrtitten on pale apricot tinted paper with gold floral scrollwork illuminated ground.

Folio 26a
Title: A princess in a state of deshabille holds a small golden cup
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 399 × 274 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 368 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 220 × 168 mm.
Painting: 193 × 141 mm.

Numbered ‘24’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 26b
Title: Quatrain
Scribe: Mu‘izz al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Ḥusaynī, fl. late 16th c.
Incipit: هو المعز
"رنگین منکر گیاه این گشت * کاول سمن است و اخر انگشت | هر سرو و گلی که رویداز خاک *‌فردا همه هسیر مست و خاشاک "
Colophon: کتبه العبد الاقل المذنب معز الدین محمد الحسینی غفر ذنبه سنه ۹۷۲
Colophon: Completed by Mu‘izz al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Ḥusaynī, fl. late 16th c. in 972 AH (1564–1565 CE).
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 395 × 271 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 376 × 255 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 320 × 215 mm.
Calligraphy: 284 × 162 mm.

written over a sprayed stencilled paper in pale pink, with figures outlined in gold. includng deer, gazelle, a janissary, palm trees "kissing birds", and a lion, with a large ornamental tree at top-right.

Folio 27a
Title: A prince consults an advisor while resting during a hunt
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 402 × 280 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 373 × 248 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 224 × 153 mm.
Drawing: 195 × 125 mm.

Numbered ‘25’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 27b
Title: Quatrain
Scribe: ‘Abd al-Raḥīm Haravī, fl. ca. 1580–1625. عبد الرحیم هروی
"هلاک تیغ ترا اجرآن قدر باشد * که نی نصیب ز رخمت کند شهیدانرا | جز حیرت نظاره لیلی هسج باب * نسکین بقراری مجنون نمیشود"
Colophon: فقیر عبد الرحیم هروی
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 394 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 369 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 172 × 113 mm.
Calligraphy: 151 × 91 mm.

Numbered 32 at bottom-left.

Folio 28a
Title: An unidentified Mughal emperor.
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 393 × 273 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 358 × 238 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 238 × 166 mm.
Painting: 208 × 128 mm.

Numbered ‘26’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 28b
Title: Unidentified quatrain
"شمعا پر پروانه نداری رسدت * در کوی وفا خانه نداری رسدت | آنت نرسد که کویم دوست مدار * آری اگرم دوست نداری رسدت "
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 388 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 365 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 164 × 145 mm.
Calligraphy: 114 × 123 mm. Header: 29 × 123 mm.

Numbered 24 at bottom-left.

Folio 29a
Title: An amourous couple embrace
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 393 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 365 × 238 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 235 × 155 mm.
Painting: 210 × 130 mm.

Numbered ‘27’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 29b
Title: Murrakibāt
Scribe: Muḥammad ‘Ārif al-Haravī;
محمد عارف الهروى
Colophon: محمد عارف الهروی سنه ۱۱۹
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 387 × 267 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 361 × 243 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 235 × 135 mm.
Calligraphy: 213 × 123 mm.

Landscape format. Numbered 12 at bottom-right.

Folio 30a
Title: An unidentified standing Mughal nobleman
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

403 × 277 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 371 × 246 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 158 × 88 mm.
Calligraphy: 131 × 66 mm.

Numbered ‘28’ in Polier's hand on the interior applied border.

Folio 30b
Title: Quatrain
Scribe: Maḥmūd ‘Āqibat
Incipit: کلید فتح ممالیک در آسمن تو باد
Colophon: محمود عاقبت
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 401 × 274 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 367 × 246 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 165 × 108 mm.
Calligraphy: 140 × 81 mm.

Folio 31a
Title: An unidentified standing Mughal prince or emperor
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 383 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 349 × 239 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 247 × 151 mm.
Painting: 218 × 130 mm.

Numbered ‘29’ in Polier's hand underneath the interior applied border.

Folio 31b
Title: Quatrain
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 380 × 264 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 355 × 238 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 177 × 104 mm.
Calligraphy: 153 × 80 mm.

Numbered ‘29’ in Hindu-Arabic numerals at bottom-left.

Folio 32a
Title: Portrait of Nawwāb Iftikhār Khān bin Aṣālat KHān Ni‘mat Allāhī al-Ḥusyanī
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 383 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 344 × 233 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 251 × 146 mm.
Painting: 218 × 114 mm.

Numbered ‘30’ in Polier's hand underneath the interior applied border.

Folio 32b
Author: Ḥāfiẓ, fl. 14th century
Scribe: Anonymous
"سحرگاهان که مخمور شبانه * گرفتم باده با چنگ و چغان | نگار مِی‌فروشم عشوه‌ای داد * که ایمن گشتم از مکر زمانه |"
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 383 × 265 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 357 × 240 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 177 × 109 mm.
Calligraphy: 154 × 84 mm.

Numbered ‘34’ in Hindu-Arabic numerals at bottom-left.

Folio 33a
Title: Portrait of of an unidentified European woman
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 395 × 276 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 364 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 124 × 102 mm.
Painting: 98 × 72 mm.

Numbered ‘31’ in Polier's hand underneath the interior applied border.

Folio 33b
Author: Ḥāfiẓ, fl. 14th century
Scribe: ‘Abd al-Raḥīm Haravī, fl. ca. 1580–1625. عبد الرحیم هروی
"آن کس که به دست، جام دارد * سلطانیِ جَم، مُدام دارد | ما و مِی و زاهدان و تقوا * تا یار سرِ کدام دارد |"
Colophon: فقیر عبد الرحیم هروی عنبرین یقلم جهانگیرشاهی فی شهور سنه ۱۰۲۱
Colophon: Completed by ‘Abd al-Raḥīm Haravī ‘Anbarīn Qalam in 1021 AH (1612–1613).
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 390 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 361 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 184 × 106 mm.
Calligraphy: 160 × 85 mm.

Numbered ‘9’ in Hindu-Arabic numerals at bottom-left.

Folio 34a
Title: An unidentified sage with his books
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 403 × 273 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 372 × 246 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 175 × 126 mm.
Painting: 149 × 101 mm.

Numbered ‘32’ in Polier's hand underneath the interior applied border.

Folio 34b
Title: Murrakibāt
Scribe: Muḥammad ‘Ārif al-Haravī;
محمد عارف الهروى
Colophon: حرره محمد عارف
Language(s): Arabic

Exterior Applied Border: 395 × 267 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 370 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 234 × 143 mm.
Calligraphy: 213 × 120 mm.

Numbered ‘12’ in Hindu-Arabic numerals at bottom-left.

Folio 35a
Title: An unidentified Mughal emperor
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 398 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 368 × 243 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 270 × 194 mm.
Painting: 247 × 170 mm.

Numbered ‘33’ in Polier's hand underneath the interior applied border. Numbered ‘17’ in Hindu-Arabic folios at the bottom-left of the painting.

Folio 35b
Author: ʻArshī
Scribe: Anonymous
Colophon: حرره محمد عارف
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 388 × 277 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 365 × 250 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 245 × 180 mm.
Calligraphy: 218 × 152 mm.

Numbered ‘17’ in Hindu-Arabic numerals at bottom-left.

Folio 36a
Title: A female musician plays a stringed instrument while an ascetic faints
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 393 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 365 × 238 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 235 × 155 mm.
Painting: 210 × 130 mm.

This scene reflects European influcence of the seated female musician, but the image of the ascetic reflects prevailing depictions of the mystic Majnūn. Numbered ‘34’ in Polier's hand underneath the interior applied border.

Folio 36b
Title: Quatrain
Scribe: Nūr al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Lāhījī;
نور الدین محمد اللاهیجى
Colophon: کتبه العبد المذنب الرّجی نور الدین محمد اللاهیجی غفر الله ذنوبه ۱۰۲۵
Colophon: Completed by Nūr al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Lāhījī in 1025 AH (1616 CE)
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 387 × 272 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 361 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 199 × 111 mm.
Calligraphy: 176 × 77 mm.

Folio 37a
Title: A yogini visits an ascetic with lion
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 398 × 273 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 370 × 244 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 210 × 165 mm.
Painting: 176 × 143 mm.

Landscape format. This scene reflects prevailing images of yoginis and the ascetic Kabīr, albeit here with a lion instead of weaving. Numbered ‘35’ in Polier's hand underneath the interior applied border.

Folio 37b
Author: Ḥāfiẓ, fl. 14th century
Scribe: ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥusaynī, fl. ca. 1600–1616 عبد الله الحسینی
"دادگرا تو را فلک جرعه کش پیاله باد * دشمن دل سیاه تو غرقه به خون چو لاله باد | چون به هوای مدحتت زهره شود ترانه‌ساز * حاسدت از سماع آن محرم آه و ناله باد |"
Colophon: الحقیر الفقیر عبد الله الحسینی
Colophon: Completed by ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥusaynī.
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 393 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 362 × 237 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 195 × 111 mm.
Calligraphy: 166 × 84 mm.

Folio 38a
Title: Portrait of Multifat Khān Ni‘mat Allāhī al-Ḥusaynī.
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 386 × 270 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 352 × 237 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 197 × 135 mm.
Painting: 168 × 106 mm.

Identified by a paper note in Persian, and also numbered ‘36’ on the interior applied border, both in Polier's hand. He was the younger brother of Iftikhār Khān Ni‘mat Allāhī al-Ḥusaynī depicted above on folio 22a.

Folio 38b
" گدایی که بر خاطرش بند نیست * به از پادشاهی که خرسند نیست | گدا را چو حاصل شود نان شام * چنان خوش بخسبد که سلطان شام | "
Colophon: ناقله العبد المذنب الفقیر محمد مومن عفر ذنوبه سنه ۱۰۴۷
Colophon: Completed by Muhammad Mu'min 1047 AH (1637–1638 CE).
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 386 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 360 × 242 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 214 × 128 mm.
Main Calligraphy: 156 × 88 mm. Bottom fragment: 35 × 80 mm. Right fragment: 191 × 14 mm.

Two other fragments bear secondary inscriptions possibly attributing them to Muḥammad Ḥusayn and possible ‘Ali Tabrīzī at bottom and right. Numbered ‘104’ in Hindu-Arabic numerals at bottom-left.

Folio 39a
Title: A couple embrace while watching a lightining storm on a veranda
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 400 × 274 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 365 × 241 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 181 × 135 mm.
Painting: 151 × 104 mm.

Numbered ‘37’ on the interior applied border in Polier's hand.

Folio 39b
" گدایی که بر خاطرش بند نیست * به از پادشاهی که خرسند نیست | گدا را چو حاصل شود نان شام * چنان خوش بخسبد که سلطان شام | "
Colophon: کتبه الفقیر المذنب میر علی الکاتب فی محرم الحرام سنه ۹۳۷
Colophon: Completed by Mīr ʻAlī Ḥusaynī al-Haravī Muḥarram 937 AH (Sep. 1530 CE).
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 393 × 265 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 365 × 241 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 230 × 130 mm.
Calligraphy: 182 × 108 mm.

Folio 40a
Title: An unidentified nobleman seated on a terrace holds a hawk while an attendant fans him.
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 388 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 355 × 238 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 257 × 184 mm.
Painting: 228 × 160 mm.

Numbered ‘38’ on the interior applied border in Polier's hand.

Folio 40b
Title: Unidentified ornate prose
Scribe: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 390 × 268 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 355 × 237 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 252 × 183 mm.
Calligraphy: 226 × 160 mm.

Folio 41a
Title: An unidentified bird on a bright yellow ground.
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 400 × 274 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 372 × 247 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 266 × 185 mm.
Painting: 238 × 161 mm.

Lanscape format. Numbered ‘39’ on the interior applied border in Polier's hand.

Folio 41b
Title: Quatrain
Scribe: Anonymous
" زبر وزیر اگر شود عالم * ای بدخشی چه غم که در گذر است | کین فلک همچو شيشه ساعت * ساعتی زیر و ساعتی زیر است | "
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 398 × 266 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 362 × 235 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 180 × 120 mm.
Calligraphy: 150 × 90 mm.

Folio 42a
Title: Indian paonting of a Safavid prince.
Artist: Anonymous
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 388 × 260 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 360 × 234 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 194 × 130 mm.
Painting: 172 × 107 mm.

Lanscape format. Numbered ‘40’ underneath the interior applied border in Polier's hand.

Folio 41b
Title: Blank
Language(s): Persian

Exterior Applied Border: 387 × 262 mm.
Intermediate Margin: 359 × 232 mm.
Interior Applied Border: 160 × 128 mm.
Centre: 132 × 100 mm.

Same tones but different designs as on folio 1a.

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support:
Extent: 42 folios, 8 flyleaves (ff. iv + 42 + iv).
Dimensions (leaf): 405 × 284 mm.
Additions:
Bookplates: Left pastedown: ‘Bibliotheca Lindesiana’ with pencilled shelfmark ‘5/D’.

Binding

Originally bound in for Polier in Lucknow, then later restored for subsequent owner Alexander Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford (1812–1880).

Folios joined with silk strips in the gutters to form binions. When restored, heavily flocked, machine-made blue paper flyleaves and interleaving added, then resewn on five recessed cords. Edges untrimmed, with front-bead decorative endbands sewn in red and blue silk threads at at head and tail. Originally covered in full claret-coloured goatskin leather over pasteboards, dyed brown along the margins, with light blue silk lining the board interiors. Spine replaced with black goatskin leather, hollow-backed when restored.

Boards lavishly decorated with central scalloped mandorlas, detached pendants, cornerpieces, surrounded by cartouche borders, all blocked in gold. Vertical lines connnect the central decoration, embellished with hand-painted raidiating lines and flourishes, with the same added to the surrounding margin. Gold ruled double lines connnect the cornerpieces and define the intermediate margin, dyed brown for contrast, with the same again connected the surrounding cartouches. Comparatively wide gold ruling surrounds the board margins, now largely abraded.

408 × 286 × 68 mm.

Handle binding with caution. In poor condition, with extensive abrasion to the exterior leather, breaking headcaps, bumped corners, right board broken at the interior joint. Boxed.

History

Origin: Probably assembled by Mihr Chand for Colonel Antoine-Louis-Henri Polier (1741–1795) in Lucknow; undated, but circa 1773–1780 CE.

Provenance and Acquisition

Likely taken with Polier when he returned to Europe.

After Bland's death, London bookseller Bernard Quaritch (1819–1899) sold his oriental manuscripts to Alexander Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford (1812–1880) in 1866.

Purchased by Enriqueta Rylands (1843–1908) in 1901 from James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford (1847–1913).

Bequeathed by Enriqueta Rylands (1843–1908) in 1908 to the John Rylands Library.

Record Sources

Bibliographical description based on a manuscript catalogue by Michael Kerney, circa 1890s.

Manuscript description by Jake Benson in 2025 with reference to the volume in hand.

Availability

To book an in-person or online appointment to consult the manuscript, visit Using the Special Collections Reading Rooms. For any other enquiries please email uml.special-collections@manchester.ac.uk.

Bibliography

Funding of Cataloguing

The John Rylands Research Institute

The Persian Heritage Foundation


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