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Persian MS 17 (The John Rylands Research Institute and Library, The University of Manchester)

Persian Manuscripts

Summary of Contents: This unsigned and undated copy of the Mas̲navī-i Ma‘navī (Spiritual Couplets) by Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (1207–1273) opens with a brief Arabic preface and contains six lavishly illuminated carpet page openings indicating the start of each of of the six book bound together within the volume. While undated, the manuscript appears likely completed in India. After suffering extensive water and mould damage, a binder expertly repaired many of the margins; however, the penultimate folio before the conclusion, and possibly others may be missing.

Author: Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, 1207–1273;
جلال الدین رومی

Compiler: Sulṭān Valad, 1226–1312;
سلطان ولد

Title: Mas̲navī-i Ma‘navī

Title: مثنوی معنوی

Incipit: (beginning) برگ ۱پ (folio 1b): وما توفیق الا بالله هذا الکتاب المثنوی وهر اصول اصول اصول الدین فی کشف اسرار الوصول والیقین...

Explicit: برگ ۴۳۵ر (folio 435a): سوی دو رخ میرود آن روباب * در عذاب بحر در نار و عذاب.

Colophon: No colophon

Language(s): Persian

For other copies of this work held in the Rylands, see Persian MS 21, 72, 213, 236, 250–255 (Books I–VI), 795, 847, 848, 926, 983 (Book I), and 984, the last being the earliest, completed in 9 Muḥarram 758 AH (2 January 1357 CE), about 85 years after the author first composed it. For critical editions, see Isti‘lāmī and Furūzānfar. For a recent English translation of the first two books based on the former edition, see Williams. For earlier translations, see Arberry, Nicholson, and Whinfield.

Title: Book One

Title: دفتر الاوّل

Title: Daftar-i Avvāl

69b

Title: Book Two

Title: دفتر الثانی

Title: Daftar al-S̲ānī

133b

Title: Book Three

Title: دفتر الثالث

Title: Daftar al-S̲ālis̲

212b

Title: Book Four

Title: دفتر الرابع

Title: Daftar al-Rābi‘

279b

Title: Book Five

Title: دفتر الخامس

Title: Daftar al-Khāmis

355b

Title: Book Six

Title: دفتر السادس

Title: Daftar al-S̲ādis

Physical Description

Form: codex

Support: Thin, straight-grained, sized, and polished ivory-coloured paper, with ~ 1.5 mm between laid lines and no discernible chain lines, with extensive repairs to the margins executed in comparatively thin, translucent, white paper both likely handmade in the Indian subcontinent.

Extent: 436 folios, 6 flyleaves (ff. iii + 436 + iii).

Dimensions (leaf): 282 × 160 mm.

Dimensions (written): 229 × 111 mm.

Foliation: Orignally partially paginated in pencilled Arabic numerals on the upper-left corners of the a sides of the initial and then every ten folios. Subsequently completed when catalogued but omitting folio 361Aa, hence under by one.

Collation

Undetermined due to extensive repairs and rebinding six separate books into a single volume. Catchwords throughout on the lower left corners of the b sides.

Condition

Handle with extreme caution. Corrosive copper verdigris pigment damage to the rulings on the illuminated carpet pages, most of which bear repairs on the reverse sides. Extensive water and mould damage along the tail edge throughout. Many margins replaced with a thin paper with other historical repairs throughout.

Layout

Written in 1 and 2 columns with 34 lines per page (17 in the centres, with the remaining 17 written in the surrounding margins, starting at the tops of the pages). ‌The layout resembles works with diagonally-written marginal commentaries; however in this case, the text commences in the centre and then proceeds to the upper margin, then read around the perimeter of the page to the bottom. Ruled with a misṭarah hand guide.

Hand(s)

Written primarly in black nasta‘līq with subheaders in red.

Decoration

Highly refined, fully gilt illuminated pages openings indicate the start of each book (refer to contents above for folios numbers). Marginal ruling throughout defining the centres and margins of the pages with with a pair of painted gold lines surrounding the centres, divided by two central thinner lines for the couplets, all outlined with single black lines, with double black lines on the exterior sides of the central and outer rulings, bounded by a single line in ultramarine blue.

Additions:
Marginalia: Occasional notes in black nasta‘līq script with shikastah ligatures.
Inscriptions:

Right pastedown bears notes by prior owners in two hands. At top it describes the illuminated pages, while in the centre, another hand—likely that of former owner Nathaniel Bland (1803-1865) attempts to count up the total number of lines.
The third flyleaf b side (iiib) bears a number and title which, albeit unsigned, comports with others inscriptions of manuscripts formerly owned by Sir Gore Ouseley: ‘Nº. 2 Methnavi’

Bookplates: The left pastedown: ‘Bibliotheca Lindesiana’ with shelfmark ‘F/41’, ‘Bland MSS No. 27’ with a pencilled note ‘p. 183 Macan(?)’.

Binding

Likely rebound for Sir Gore Ouseley, as the spine decoration comports with other volumes that he formerly owned.

Resewn on 5 recessed cords, laced into the pasteboard. Edges trimmed and coloured with red earth. Decorative European-style front-bead endbands sewn in tan and white silk threads. Rebound hollow-backed, probably in London, in half British tan coloured calfskin leather with gray-coloured wove papersides.

Spine decorated with a fully gilt, 'run-up' back, panels palletted with quadruple fillet lines, with rows of foliate scrollwork vines at top and bottom and arabesque flourishes in the central three. Interlaced foliate arc-and-darts at head and tail. Triple fillet lines and diagonal dots with solid lines on either side frame the spine panels. The raised bands and headcaps feature the same thick-and-thin diagonals. Titled ‘METHNAVI’.

289 × 167 × 59 mm.

Handle with caution. Binding in fair condition, with abrasion to the spine, headcaps, joints, and edges, with bumped corners. While the hollow back opens comfortably at the head, it remains closed at the tail, which restricts the opening.

History

Origin: Probably completed in the Indian subcontinent; undated, but but probably 18th century CE.

Provenance and Acquisition

Probably formerly owned by Sir Gore Ouseley (1770–1844) as per both his unsigned inscription on the third flyleaf b side (iiib) and rebinding consistent with other volumes that he formerly owned.

Subsequently acquired by scholar Nathaniel Bland (1803–1865), after whose death London bookseller Bernard Quaritch (1819–1899) sold his oriental manuscripts to Alexander Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford (1812–1880) in 1866 .

Purchased by Enriqueta Rylands (1843–1908) in 1901 from James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford (1847–1913).

Bequeathed by Enriqueta Rylands (1843–1908) in 1908 to the John Rylands Library.

Record Sources

Bibliographical description based on an index created by Reza Navabpour circa 1993, derived from a manuscript catalogue by Michael Kerney, circa 1890s and his Bibliotheca Lindesiana, Hand-list of Oriental Manuscripts: Arabic, Persian, Turkish, 1898.

Manuscript description by Jake Benson in 2022 with reference to the volume in hand.

Availability

To book an in-person or online appointment to consult the manuscript, visit Using the Special Collections Reading Rooms. For any other enquiries please email uml.special-collections@manchester.ac.uk.

Digital Images

Manchester Digital Collections (full digital facsimile).

Bibliography

A. J. Arberry, Tales from the Masnavi. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1961

A. J. Arberry, More Tales from the Masnavi. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1963.

E. G. Browne, A Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the University of Cambridge, (Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 1896), pp. 313–315, nos. 224–226 [Cambridge University Library Oo.6.32, Gg.5.32, and Add. 199 (Lewis 19)].

W. Chittick, The Philosophy of Ecstasy: Rumi and the Sufi Tradition. Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2014.

W. C. Chittick, The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983.

H. Ethé, Catalogue of Persian manuscripts in the library of the India Office, Vol. 1 (London: Printed for the India Office by H. Hart, 1903), cols. 630–640, nos. 1060–85 [British Library, IO Islamic 2709, &c.].

Gustav Flügel, Die Arabischen, Persischen und Türkischen Handschriften der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Hofbibliothik zu Wien, Bd. I (Vienna: Druck und Verlag der K. K. Hof und Staatsdruckerei, 1865), p. 514–515, no. 519 [Cod. N. F. 126].

D. Forbes, Catalogue of Oriental Manuscripts, Chiefly Persian, Collected Within the Last Five and Thirty years, (London: W. H. Allen., 1866), p. 1, no. 2 [Rylands Persian MS 848]

B. Furūzānfar, Sharḥ-i Mas̲navī-i sharīf. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1347–48 SH (1967–70 CE).

F. D. Lewis, Rumi Past and Present East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi Oxford: One World, 2000

L. Lewisohn, The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi. Albany: SUNY Press, 1983.

G. M. Meredith-Owens, Handlist of Persian Manuscripts, 1895–1966. (London: British Library, 1968), pp. 66, 68 [BL Or. 11677].

G. H. Pertz, texts Die Handschriften-verzeichnisse der Königlichen Bibliothek zu Berlin, Bd. 4 (Berlin: Preussische Staatsbibliothek, 1853), pp. 783–791, nos. 762–772 [Staatsbibliotek zu Berlin, Minutoli 21 &c.].

S. Rafiee-Rad, 'Persian Manuscripts in Samuel Robinson’s Collection in The John Rylands Library', Manuscripta: A Journal for Manuscript Research, Vol. 61, No. 2 (2017): pp. 273–275, pls. 7–8.

C. Rieu, Catalogue of the Persian manuscripts in the British Museum, Vol. II (London: British Museum, 1881), pp. 584–587 [British Library Add. 27263, &c.].

Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, The Masnavi of Rumi: A New English Translation with Persian Text and Explanatory Notes. Edited by M. Istiʻlāmī and translated by A. Williams. London: I.B. Tauris, 2020.

Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, The Mathnawí of Jalálu'ddín Rúmi The Mathnawí of Jalálu'ddín Rúmi. Edited and translated by R. A. Nicholson. London: Luzac & Co., 1925–1940.

Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, Masnavi I Ma'navi : The Spiritual Couplets of Maulána Jalálu'd-Dín Muhammad I Rúmí, 2nd ed. Translated by E. H. Whinfield. London: Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd., 1898.

Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, Kullīyāt-i Mas̲navī-i Maʻnavī-i. Edited by B. Furūzānfar, with commentary by M. Darvīsh. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Jāvīdān, 1342 SH (1963 CE).

E. Sachau and H. Ethé, Catalogue of the Persian, Turkish, Hindûstani, and Pushtû manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Vol. I (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1889), cols. 511–516, nos. 646–660 [Bodleian Ouseley Add. 146].

Funding of Cataloguing

Iran Heritage Foundation

The John Rylands Research Institute

Subjects

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